Duke U.

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures Research space
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2024 40 91.6 459 47 92.8 631 13 98.7 925
2023 40 91.6 459 50 92.8 679 11 98.9 911 71 88.5 602
2022 40 91.5 457 49 93 680 9 99.1 900
2021 39 91.6 447 46 93.5 691 11 98.9 908 66 88.9 583
2020 39 91.6 450 44 93.9 698 11 98.9 916
2019 45 90.2 447 46 93.6 697 10 99 914 60 90.1 589
2018 40 91 428 45 93.8 700 10 99 911
2017 35 92.1 425 50 92.9 684 8 99.2 898 58 90.2 575
2016 39 91.2 430 53 92.6 697 10 99 896
2015 48 89 426 48 93.3 693 7 99.3 898 54 90.8 570
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2024–15
Fields 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All fields 419 434 417 383 407 382 400 420 408 366
  Science and engineering 356 371 361 320 325 307 330 339 340 293
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources 4 5 3 6 3 10 14 10 9 10
      Agricultural sciences . 1 . 1 . . 2 1 . .
      Natural resources and conservation 4 4 3 5 3 10 12 9 9 10
    Biological and biomedical sciences 119 100 120 85 93 84 104 109 110 103
      Biochemistry and biophysics 14 6 9 10 8 8 9 9 13 11
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 10 6 7 5 7 3 9 3 9 5
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 8 8 13 7 5 4 9 8 7 8
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy 4 6 4 2 9 6 8 9 4 8
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 9 5 8 7 7 5 18 13 12 5
      Genetics and genomics 17 14 10 7 5 15 12 11 11 7
      Microbiology and immunology 18 13 20 10 14 13 15 14 13 13
      Molecular biology 7 4 10 9 1 4 3 8 4 1
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 15 13 14 13 18 8 6 13 15 13
      Pharmacology and toxicology 8 9 11 3 9 7 5 7 10 10
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 7 11 10 9 8 8 5 9 9 18
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other 2 5 4 3 2 3 5 5 3 4
    Computer and information sciences 19 19 13 11 11 17 8 6 16 9
      Computer science 14 12 11 10 10 17 8 6 15 8
      Computer and information sciences, other 5 7 2 1 1 . . . 1 1
    Engineering 99 88 93 78 75 64 63 70 72 64
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering . . 1 1 1 . . . . 1
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 41 31 33 20 24 29 25 29 30 29
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 1 1 2 . . . . . . .
      Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering 5 13 8 9 4 3 4 8 4 4
      Electrical and computer engineering 28 26 23 25 23 19 18 18 24 16
      Industrial engineering and operations research 1 1 . . . . . . . .
      Materials and mining engineering 7 7 7 3 5 4 4 2 3 2
      Mechanical engineering 12 5 8 12 12 7 8 11 10 11
      Engineering, other 4 4 11 8 6 2 4 2 1 1
    Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 6 6 6 10 8 8 13 12 13 5
      Geological sciences 1 1 1 3 1 3 5 3 1 .
      Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences 5 5 5 7 7 5 8 9 12 5
    Health sciences 10 16 12 18 14 9 18 11 11 6
      Nursing science 7 8 5 10 11 2 10 7 1 1
      Pharmaceutical sciences . . . . . . 3 1 . .
      Public health 1 . 2 2 . 1 2 1 1 .
      Health sciences, other 2 8 5 6 3 6 3 2 9 5
    Mathematics and statistics 15 24 21 18 21 25 18 20 12 13
      Applied mathematics 3 5 1 2 5 2 2 5 2 .
      Mathematics 1 1 . 3 5 3 3 4 2 4
      Statistics 9 11 11 9 5 12 9 9 5 6
      Mathematics and statistics, other 2 7 9 4 6 8 4 2 3 3
    Physical sciences 33 40 36 32 26 26 33 27 23 24
      Astronomy and astrophysics 1 3 . . . . . . . .
      Chemistry 18 23 21 15 17 19 17 19 11 14
      Physics 14 14 15 17 9 7 16 8 12 10
    Psychology 13 16 12 14 13 11 10 20 28 12
      Clinical psychology 5 3 1 3 5 4 2 3 10 6
      Research and experimental psychology 7 12 8 8 8 6 5 13 15 5
      Psychology, other 1 1 3 3 . 1 3 4 3 1
    Social sciences 38 57 45 48 61 53 49 54 46 47
      Anthropology 3 5 5 3 10 6 8 8 6 8
      Economics 11 19 13 18 21 14 19 17 13 13
      Political science and government 13 15 8 12 10 11 8 10 13 9
      Public policy analysis 2 5 4 3 6 6 5 4 5 4
      Sociology, demography, and population studies 4 7 8 4 10 10 6 9 5 9
      Social sciences, other 5 6 7 8 4 6 3 6 4 4
  Non-science and engineering 63 63 56 63 82 75 70 81 68 73
    Business 15 17 10 8 19 16 11 14 16 10
      Business 15 17 10 8 19 16 11 14 16 10
    Education 1 . . . . . . 1 . .
      Teacher education and teaching fields 1 . . . . . . 1 . .
    Humanities and arts 46 44 44 51 60 56 57 54 49 54
      Letters 10 17 12 13 16 14 14 14 10 13
      Foreign languages and literature 5 1 3 2 9 8 4 7 6 .
      History 7 4 7 11 6 8 7 5 7 8
      Philosophy and religious studies 4 6 9 10 15 11 12 9 9 17
      Music and performing arts 9 4 5 4 6 2 5 4 4 6
      Humanities and arts, other 11 12 8 11 8 13 15 15 13 10
    Other non-science and engineering 1 2 2 4 3 3 2 12 3 9
      Communication . 1 . . . . . 3 . 1
      Non-science and engineering, other 1 1 2 4 3 3 2 9 3 8

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents   1,575   1,542   1,541   1,551   1,500   1,478   1,474   1,442   1,471   1,686
    Hispanic or Latino   177   165   154   171   154   133   122   120   128   108
    Not Hispanic or Latino   1,335   1,326   1,329   1,326   1,302   1,299   1,299   1,276   1,304   1,520
      American Indian or Alaska Native   2   2   4   2   2   3   6   5   4   6
      Asian   256   240   231   221   207   203   202   183   169   227
      Black or African American   103   103   106   101   88   79   73   75   70   87
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander   3   2   2   3   3   2   0   0   0   2
      White   882   882   890   930   940   951   954   954   998   1,108
      More than one race   89   97   96   69   62   61   64   59   63   90
    Unknown ethnicity and race   63   51   58   54   44   46   53   46   39   58
  Temporary visa holders   1,623   1,534   1,596   1,421   1,386   1,544   1,436   1,215   1,084   1,074
  Science and engineering   3,125   2,989   3,057   2,811   2,740   2,873   2,758   2,500   2,384   2,608
    Science   2,210   2,099   2,127   1,971   1,931   1,949   1,872   1,785   1,760   2,030
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   104   118
      Biological and biomedical sciences   747   718   720   647   626   609   590   578   515   592
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   185   176   201   179   150   143   144   143   93   105
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   54   49   50   52   51   58   57   54   56   65
      Mathematics and statistics   198   194   211   185   181   180   173   170   151   137
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   150   128   76   67   78   84   36   0   0   0
      Natural resources and conservation   56   52   44   42   46   40   42   56   0   0
      Physical sciences   324   300   301   291   291   277   262   261   205   200
      Psychology   64   69   75   77   81   86   81   72   72   90
      Social sciences   432   413   449   431   427   472   487   451   504   672
    Engineering   915   890   930   840   809   924   886   715   624   578
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   394   375   352   320   309   330   292   240   229   210
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   67   60   66   68   82   97   82   60   62   57
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   332   341   405   337   304   360   369   272   220   232
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   122   114   107   115   114   137   143   143   113   79
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Health   73   87   80   161   146   149   152   157   171   152
      Clinical medicine   8   10   9   88   83   75   78   85   134   119
      Other health   65   77   71   73   63   74   74   72   37   33

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   15
    Hispanic or Latino   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Not Hispanic or Latino   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   14
      American Indian or Alaska Native   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Asian   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   5
      Black or African American   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      White   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   8
      More than one race   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Unknown ethnicity and race   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1
  Temporary visa holders   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   10
  Science and engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   24
    Science   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   17
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological and biomedical sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   6
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   11
    Engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   7
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   6
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields   455   477   488   487   509   436   465   452   486   483
  Science and engineering   451   476   486   478   499   423   453   446   475   477
    Science   315   320   339   323   380   312   339   351   358   357
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   19   13
      Biological and biomedical sciences   185   189   204   206   236   186   209   213   186   201
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   21   17   17   22   18   17   20   14   17   19
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   5   4   5   6   3   7   7   7   8   8
      Mathematics and statistics   14   11   10   11   13   8   13   14   10   14
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   1   6   1   0   1   2   1   0   0   0
      Natural resources and conservation   8   3   5   3   5   5   8   10   0   0
      Physical sciences   55   67   68   54   73   57   54   70   65   54
      Psychology   16   11   13   11   15   14   11   6   9   16
      Social sciences   10   12   16   10   16   16   16   17   19   16
    Engineering   136   156   147   155   119   111   114   95   117   120
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   70   77   71   75   56   46   52   48   64   65
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   8   12   10   15   12   17   14   13   16   12
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   44   51   48   48   34   31   32   21   24   30
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   14   16   18   17   17   17   16   13   13   13
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Health   4   1   2   9   10   13   12   6   11   6
      Clinical medicine   1   0   0   8   7   8   8   2   7   2
      Other health   3   1   2   1   3   5   4   4   4   4

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2024–15
Type and primary source of support 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All types and sources of support   3,198   3,076   3,137   2,972   2,886   3,022   2,910   2,657   2,555   2,760
  Fellowships   1,666   1,605   1,508   1,504   1,542   1,810   1,766   1,623   1,573   1,484
    Federal   102   107   115   129   170   145   173   191   213   165
    Institutional   1,545   1,484   1,373   1,361   1,355   1,643   1,586   1,430   1,360   1,229
    Nonfederal   19   14   20   14   17   22   7   2   0   90
  Research assistantships   463   481   488   475   432   391   366   337   331   391
    Federal   339   361   362   354   332   286   283   252   257   294
    Institutional   64   61   65   58   35   29   77   80   74   22
    Nonfederal   60   59   61   63   65   76   6   5   0   75
  Teaching assistantships   171   148   196   197   243   304   287   275   262   244
    Federal   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   4
    Institutional   171   148   194   197   222   286   287   275   262   204
    Nonfederal   0   0   1   0   21   18   0   0   0   36
  Other types of support   898   842   945   796   669   517   491   422   389   641
    Federal   14   9   10   4   7   5   9   9   16   20
    Institutional   1   2   2   8   4   8   12   2   12   8
    Nonfederal   27   31   22   27   30   23   22   29   25   33
    Personal resources   856   800   911   757   628   481   448   382   336   580

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  Science and engineering   573   567   476   506   543   559   515   463   421   411
    Science   476   479   385   403   424   434   406   369   331   329
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   1   1   2   1   1   0   0   0   18   14
      Biological and biomedical sciences   261   257   239   253   267   263   238   210   171   160
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   7   6   7   4   7   6   6   5   4   2
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   10   6
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   10   5   7   5   4   7   5   6   6   16
      Mathematics and statistics   12   12   10   10   13   18   22   16   11   10
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   35   45   39   37   34   42   48   48   8   0
      Natural resources and conservation   6   10   8   8   7   8   11   10   0   0
      Physical sciences   88   77   29   36   42   43   35   34   34   42
      Psychology   12   14   10   9   6   0   2   1   17   27
      Social sciences   44   52   34   40   43   47   39   39   33   27
    Engineering   97   88   91   103   119   125   109   94   90   82
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   51   42   50   55   58   53   45   41   35   31
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   8   7   4   3   5   11   14   14   18   16
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   15   19   22   27   32   39   30   21   16   24
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   20   17   13   15   20   17   20   18   12   11
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   3   3   2   3   4   5   0   0   9   0
      Other engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Health   145   117   125   129   142   155   156   137   166   173
      Clinical medicine   142   116   124   128   140   151   152   134   161   170
      Other health   3   1   1   1   2   4   4   3   5   3

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields   359   350   329   361   348   343   326   283   348   341
  Science and engineering   273   289   259   293   272   265   252   216   256   245
    Science   232   242   206   226   202   196   193   169   188   191
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   13   11
      Biological and biomedical sciences   137   153   146   157   149   135   114   99   107   96
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   5   4   4   3   4   3   4   3   3   2
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   7   3
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   7   1   3   0   0   0   0   3   4   7
      Mathematics and statistics   8   7   5   4   3   5   12   7   6   6
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   19   24   21   20   10   19   23   28   6   0
      Natural resources and conservation   4   5   3   5   4   2   8   5   0   0
      Physical sciences   39   33   16   23   25   25   24   18   18   26
      Psychology   9   6   1   3   1   0   1   0   11   23
      Social sciences   4   9   7   11   6   7   7   6   7   7
    Engineering   41   47   53   67   70   69   59   47   68   54
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   23   22   28   35   36   31   23   23   28   21
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   3   4   1   1   3   4   7   5   12   8
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   5   8   16   16   14   22   19   9   12   15
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   7   10   6   12   13   8   10   10   8   10
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   3   3   2   3   4   4   0   0   8   0
      Other engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Health   86   61   70   68   76   78   74   67   92   96
      Clinical medicine   86   61   70   68   75   77   73   67   92   96
      Other health   0   0   0   0   1   1   1   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  All R&D fields   1,580,756   1,507,996   1,390,538   1,237,686   1,196,638   1,226,517   1,167,611   1,126,924   1,055,778   1,036,698
    Science   1,446,602   1,380,300   1,271,922   1,127,800   1,084,552   1,112,549   1,061,232   1,033,367   969,300   943,613
      Computer and information sciences   14,349   12,836   8,320   5,273   6,019   5,845   5,785   5,611   5,271   5,693
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   13,314   9,796   8,178   7,310   9,675   11,077   11,171   11,054   10,214   17,810
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geological and earth sciences   4,633   1,742   1,455   1,186   2,130   3,364   3,404   2,702   3,063   2,427
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   8,681   8,054   6,723   6,124   7,545   7,713   7,767   8,352   7,151   6,154
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   9,229
      Life sciences   1,320,164   1,266,314   1,174,640   1,040,786   990,897   1,018,199   971,355   950,245   888,830   855,980
        Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Biological and biomedical sciences   328,660   317,434   289,829   291,851   245,327   237,097   221,378   207,819   203,682   206,433
        Health sciences   962,551   922,346   857,681   721,730   717,323   749,965   718,370   696,085   639,042   617,925
        Natural resources and conservation   9,784   9,756   10,004   10,570   10,726   9,051   7,897   8,074   10,756   0
        Life sciences nec   19,169   16,778   17,126   16,635   17,521   22,086   23,710   38,267   35,350   31,622
      Mathematics and statistics   9,766   8,374   9,125   8,922   9,842   10,319   9,766   9,306   10,238   12,126
      Physical sciences   31,447   29,127   23,281   22,131   22,396   21,176   19,322   17,992   19,074   18,093
        Astronomy and astrophysics   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Chemistry   16,902   16,182   12,672   11,536   9,809   10,711   9,293   8,425   8,973   7,803
        Materials science   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Physics   14,545   12,945   10,609   10,595   12,587   10,465   10,029   9,567   10,101   10,290
        Physical sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   10,371   10,189   7,467   6,923   8,953   11,226   9,647   6,777   6,996   8,239
      Social sciences   46,752   43,163   40,627   36,432   36,760   34,532   34,186   32,382   28,677   25,672
        Anthropology   4,117   3,158   1,361   1,278   1,742   1,502   1,111   938   660   0
        Economics   5,108   3,749   3,997   2,930   3,790   4,170   2,433   4,772   5,807   5,641
        Political science and government   802   918   1,118   469   770   15,135   14,501   14,751   11,502   11,543
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   11,720   11,645   12,180   11,349   10,273   11,105   12,858   8,437   7,165   6,031
        Social sciences nec   25,005   23,693   21,971   20,406   20,185   2,620   3,283   3,484   3,543   2,457
      Sciences nec   439   501   284   23   10   175   0   0   0   0
    Engineering   119,628   109,885   102,748   94,483   95,657   100,379   92,715   80,554   74,746   85,580
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   50,957   49,428   47,302   45,357   43,021   39,559   36,419   29,529   24,134   26,681
      Chemical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Civil engineering   13,422   10,221   9,177   9,086   9,763   13,331   13,780   8,942   7,149   5,659
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   37,405   36,043   34,006   28,351   31,499   32,513   25,955   23,782   22,850   33,193
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   15,901   12,099   10,424   10,058   8,266   8,684   9,259   7,771   6,882   7,317
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   1,849   1,972   1,723   1,461   2,282   4,114   4,490   7,593   9,753   8,820
      Engineering nec   94   122   116   170   826   2,178   2,812   2,937   3,978   3,910
    Non-S&E   14,526   17,811   15,868   15,403   16,429   13,589   13,664   13,003   11,732   7,505
      Business management and business administration   7,516   11,788   12,685   11,834   13,537   10,643   9,992   9,396   7,940   4,669
      Communication and communications technologies   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   95
      Education   303   41   0   61   96   150   193   386   292   296
      Humanities   4,652   2,985   1,534   1,503   1,622   1,522   2,405   1,461   1,395   1,380
      Law   1,207   1,054   761   705   741   670   256   548   742   631
      Social work   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   143   152   235   211   47   286   293   384   403   339
      Non-S&E nec   705   1,791   653   1,089   386   318   525   828   960   95

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields   1,580,756   1,039,631   340   197,547   222,655   97,651   22,932
    Science   1,446,602   946,259   340   170,732   218,571   88,250   22,450
      Computer and information sciences   14,349   13,258   0   544   341   116   90
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   13,314   8,754   41   2,151   496   1,486   386
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geological and earth sciences   4,633   2,867   0   470   231   893   172
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   8,681   5,887   41   1,681   265   593   214
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Life sciences   1,320,164   856,722   299   153,352   215,230   74,337   20,224
        Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Biological and biomedical sciences   328,660   284,908   0   18,744   8,307   13,908   2,793
        Health sciences   962,551   553,532   127   126,336   206,768   59,362   16,426
        Natural resources and conservation   9,784   6,301   140   2,316   61   629   337
        Life sciences nec   19,169   11,981   32   5,956   94   438   668
      Mathematics and statistics   9,766   5,513   0   1,735   195   2,323   0
      Physical sciences   31,447   28,052   0   1,865   650   818   62
        Astronomy and astrophysics   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Chemistry   16,902   14,672   0   1,103   650   416   61
        Materials science   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Physics   14,545   13,380   0   762   0   402   1
        Physical sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   10,371   7,949   0   1,469   0   539   414
      Social sciences   46,752   26,009   0   9,179   1,659   8,631   1,274
        Anthropology   4,117   2,837   0   538   0   737   5
        Economics   5,108   2,451   0   1,329   0   937   391
        Political science and government   802   398   0   238   0   136   30
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   11,720   10,133   0   911   0   572   104
        Social sciences nec   25,005   10,190   0   6,163   1,659   6,249   744
      Sciences nec   439   2   0   437   0   0   0
    Engineering   119,628   92,243   0   19,604   2,266   5,320   195
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   50,957   39,064   0   8,185   832   2,722   154
      Chemical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Civil engineering   13,422   8,230   0   3,382   647   1,151   12
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   37,405   30,430   0   4,890   649   1,414   22
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   15,901   12,670   0   3,113   85   33   0
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   1,849   1,849   0   0   0   0   0
      Engineering nec   94   0   0   34   53   0   7
    Non-S&E   14,526   1,129   0   7,211   1,818   4,081   287
      Business management and business administration   7,516   208   0   4,587   1,569   1,152   0
      Communication and communications technologies   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Education   303   84   0   115   0   104   0
      Humanities   4,652   300   0   1,804   249   2,264   35
      Law   1,207   503   0   227   0   258   219
      Social work   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   143   11   0   120   0   12   0
      Non-S&E nec   705   23   0   358   0   291   33

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Federal Agencies   1,039,631   974,202   901,807   776,632   707,746   709,705   645,259   623,573   575,521   559,217
  DOD   52,279   61,598   62,529   61,602   65,776   64,374   63,161   59,601   57,998   58,455
  DOE   22,967   18,482   16,235   16,169   17,100   15,385   13,776   14,459   12,282   9,832
  HHS   894,209   833,339   769,574   634,171   570,531   571,613   511,365   492,740   444,094   423,827
  NASA   2,868   2,223   3,027   2,454   2,872   3,269   2,551   2,369   3,404   2,912
  NSF   52,530   45,599   37,887   33,567   34,439   35,357   37,962   38,018   38,832   40,136
  USDA   1,136   998   848   512   719   946   1,075   1,101   1,057   1,121
  Other   13,642   11,963   11,707   28,157   16,309   18,761   15,369   15,285   17,854   22,934

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2024–18 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2024   .   .   .   .
2023   .   .   .   .
2022   .   .   .   .
2021   .   .   .   .
2020   .   .   .   .
2019   10,097   1,812   8,285   .
2018   8,961   1,597   7,364   .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space   983   1,022   1,047   1,090   1,120
    Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   381   328   339   345   360
    Computer and information sciences   5   7   8   7   10
    Engineering   114   99   98   89   86
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   9   8   8   9   12
    Health sciences   334   430   490   539   536
    Mathematics and statistics   2   2   3   4   6
    Natural resources and conservation   17   21   15   12   18
    Physical sciences   94   94   63   59   67
    Psychology   13   15   11   10   13
    Social sciences   13   17   14   14   11
    Other   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space   0   0   0   57,868   89,500
    Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   0   0   0   0   12,400
    Computer and information sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Engineering   0   0   0   55,250   0
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Health sciences   0   0   0   2,618   77,100
    Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0
    Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0
    Physical sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Psychology   0   0   0   0   0
    Social sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Other   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space   10,403   3,411   929   21,820   17,437
    Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   2,604   2,263   355   18,395   9,190
    Computer and information sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Engineering   0   0   0   510   886
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   2,136
    Health sciences   487   898   574   1,691   3,714
    Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0
    Natural resources and conservation   0   251   0   0   577
    Physical sciences   0   0   0   1,224   483
    Psychology   7,312   0   0   0   450
    Social sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Other   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

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