Duke U.

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2023 39 91.8 459 50 92.8 679 71 88.5 602 11 98.9 914
2022 40 91.5 457 49 93 680 9 99.1 900
2021 39 91.6 447 46 93.5 691 66 88.9 583 11 98.9 908
2020 39 91.6 450 44 93.9 698 11 98.9 916
2019 45 90.2 447 46 93.6 697 60 90.1 589 10 99 914
2018 40 91 428 45 93.8 700 10 99 911
2017 35 92.1 425 50 92.9 684 58 90.2 575 8 99.2 898
2016 39 91.2 430 53 92.6 697 10 99 896
2015 48 89 426 48 93.3 693 54 90.8 570 7 99.3 898
2014 52 88 422 51 92.8 688 7 99.3 889
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2023–14
Fields 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All fields 435 417 383 407 382 400 420 408 366 338
  Science and engineering 371 361 320 325 307 330 339 340 293 288
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources 5 3 6 3 10 14 10 9 10 1
      Agricultural sciences 1 . 1 . . 2 1 . . .
      Natural resources and conservation 4 3 5 3 10 12 9 9 10 1
    Biological and biomedical sciences 100 120 85 93 84 104 109 110 103 92
      Biochemistry and biophysics 6 9 10 8 8 9 9 13 11 10
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 6 7 5 7 3 9 3 9 5 5
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 8 13 7 5 4 9 8 7 8 5
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy 6 4 2 9 6 8 9 4 8 13
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 5 8 7 7 5 18 13 12 5 11
      Genetics and genomics 14 10 7 5 15 12 11 11 7 9
      Microbiology and immunology 13 20 10 14 13 15 14 13 13 8
      Molecular biology 4 10 9 1 4 3 8 4 1 4
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 13 14 13 18 8 6 13 15 13 6
      Pharmacology and toxicology 9 11 3 9 7 5 7 10 10 7
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 11 10 9 8 8 5 9 9 18 11
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other 5 4 3 2 3 5 5 3 4 3
    Computer and information sciences 19 13 11 11 17 8 6 16 9 14
      Computer science 12 11 10 10 17 8 6 15 8 13
      Computer and information sciences, other 7 2 1 1 . . . 1 1 1
    Engineering 88 93 78 75 64 63 70 72 64 70
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering . 1 1 1 . . . . 1 .
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 31 33 20 24 29 25 29 30 29 21
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 1 2 . . . . . . . .
      Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering 13 8 9 4 3 4 8 4 4 10
      Electrical and computer engineering 26 23 25 23 19 18 18 24 16 26
      Industrial engineering and operations research 1 . . . . . . . . 1
      Materials and mining engineering 7 7 3 5 4 4 2 3 2 4
      Mechanical engineering 5 8 12 12 7 8 11 10 11 7
      Engineering, other 4 11 8 6 2 4 2 1 1 1
    Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 6 6 10 8 8 13 12 13 5 6
      Geological sciences 1 1 3 1 3 5 3 1 . 4
      Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences 5 5 7 7 5 8 9 12 5 2
    Health sciences 16 12 18 14 9 18 11 11 6 5
      Nursing science 8 5 10 11 2 10 7 1 1 2
      Pharmaceutical sciences . . . . . 3 1 . . .
      Public health . 2 2 . 1 2 1 1 . .
      Health sciences, other 8 5 6 3 6 3 2 9 5 3
    Mathematics and statistics 24 21 18 21 25 18 20 12 13 18
      Applied mathematics 5 1 2 5 2 2 5 2 . 1
      Mathematics 1 . 3 5 3 3 4 2 4 1
      Statistics 11 11 9 5 12 9 9 5 6 10
      Mathematics and statistics, other 7 9 4 6 8 4 2 3 3 6
    Physical sciences 40 36 32 26 26 33 27 23 24 29
      Astronomy and astrophysics 3 . . . . . . . . .
      Chemistry 23 21 15 17 19 17 19 11 14 12
      Physics 14 15 17 9 7 16 8 12 10 17
    Psychology 16 12 14 13 11 10 20 28 12 11
      Clinical psychology 3 1 3 5 4 2 3 10 6 3
      Research and experimental psychology 12 8 8 8 6 5 13 15 5 5
      Psychology, other 1 3 3 . 1 3 4 3 1 3
    Social sciences 57 45 48 61 53 49 54 46 47 42
      Anthropology 5 5 3 10 6 8 8 6 8 4
      Economics 19 13 18 21 14 19 17 13 13 18
      Political science and government 15 8 12 10 11 8 10 13 9 5
      Public policy analysis 5 4 3 6 6 5 4 5 4 3
      Sociology, demography, and population studies 7 8 4 10 10 6 9 5 9 9
      Social sciences, other 6 7 8 4 6 3 6 4 4 3
  Non-science and engineering 64 56 63 82 75 70 81 68 73 50
    Business 17 10 8 19 16 11 14 16 10 11
      Business 17 10 8 19 16 11 14 16 10 11
    Education . . . . . . 1 . . .
      Teacher education and teaching fields . . . . . . 1 . . .
    Humanities and arts 45 44 51 60 56 57 54 49 54 38
      Letters 17 12 13 16 14 14 14 10 13 9
      Foreign languages and literature 1 3 2 9 8 4 7 6 . 2
      History 4 7 11 6 8 7 5 7 8 4
      Philosophy and religious studies 6 9 10 15 11 12 9 9 17 6
      Music and performing arts 4 5 4 6 2 5 4 4 6 7
      Humanities and arts, other 13 8 11 8 13 15 15 13 10 10
    Other non-science and engineering 2 2 4 3 3 2 12 3 9 1
      Communication 1 . . . . . 3 . 1 .
      Non-science and engineering, other 1 2 4 3 3 2 9 3 8 1

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
    Male 1,576 1,637 1,592 1,615 1,699 1,621 1,497 1,433 1,511 1,485
    Female 1,500 1,500 1,380 1,271 1,323 1,289 1,160 1,122 1,249 1,145
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 1,542 1,541 1,551 1,500 1,478 1,474 1,442 1,471 1,686 1,602
    Hispanic or Latino 165 154 171 154 133 122 120 128 108 110
    Not Hispanic or Latino 1,326 1,329 1,326 1,302 1,299 1,299 1,276 1,304 1,520 1,439
      American Indian or Alaska Native 2 4 2 2 3 6 5 4 6 4
      Asian 240 231 221 207 203 202 183 169 227 107
      Black or African American 103 106 101 88 79 73 75 70 87 63
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 2 2 3 3 2 0 0 0 2 1
      White 882 890 930 940 951 954 954 998 1,108 965
      More than one race 97 96 69 62 61 64 59 63 90 299
    Unknown ethnicity and race 51 58 54 44 46 53 46 39 58 53
  Temporary visa holders 1,534 1,596 1,421 1,386 1,544 1,436 1,215 1,084 1,074 1,028
  Science and engineering 2,989 3,057 2,811 2,740 2,873 2,758 2,500 2,384 2,608 2,544
    Science 2,099 2,127 1,971 1,931 1,949 1,872 1,785 1,760 2,030 1,978
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 104 118 112
      Biological and biomedical sciences 718 720 647 626 609 590 578 515 592 573
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 51 54
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 176 201 179 150 143 144 143 93 105 82
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 49 50 52 51 58 57 54 56 65 65
      Mathematics and statistics 194 211 185 181 180 173 170 151 137 110
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 128 76 67 78 84 36 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 52 44 42 46 40 42 56 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 300 301 291 291 277 262 261 205 200 189
      Psychology 69 75 77 81 86 81 72 72 90 101
      Social sciences 413 449 431 427 472 487 451 504 672 692
    Engineering 890 930 840 809 924 886 715 624 578 566
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 375 352 320 309 330 292 240 229 210 216
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 60 66 68 82 97 82 60 62 57 51
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 341 405 337 304 360 369 272 220 232 215
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 114 107 115 114 137 143 143 113 79 84
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Health 87 80 161 146 149 152 157 171 152 86
      Clinical medicine 10 9 88 83 75 78 85 134 119 60
      Other health 77 71 73 63 74 74 72 37 33 26

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
    Male 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 16
    Female 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 8
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 6
    Hispanic or Latino 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Not Hispanic or Latino 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 6
      American Indian or Alaska Native 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Asian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 3
      Black or African American 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      White 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1
      More than one race 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Unknown ethnicity and race 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
  Temporary visa holders 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 18
  Science and engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 24
    Science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 11
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Psychology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Social sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11
    Engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 13
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 8
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
      Clinical medicine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
      Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2023–14
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013
All surveyed fields 477 488 487 509 436 465 452 486 483 500 0
  Science and engineering 476 486 478 499 423 453 446 475 477 494 0
    Science 320 339 323 380 312 339 351 358 357 356 0
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 13 15 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 189 204 206 236 186 209 213 186 201 189 0
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 16 21 0
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 17 17 22 18 17 20 14 17 19 18 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 4 5 6 3 7 7 7 8 8 5 0
      Mathematics and statistics 11 10 11 13 8 13 14 10 14 14 0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 6 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 3 5 3 5 5 8 10 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 67 68 54 73 57 54 70 65 54 53 0
      Psychology 11 13 11 15 14 11 6 9 16 19 0
      Social sciences 12 16 10 16 16 16 17 19 16 22 0
    Engineering 156 147 155 119 111 114 95 117 120 138 0
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 77 71 75 56 46 52 48 64 65 74 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 12 10 15 12 17 14 13 16 12 14 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 51 48 48 34 31 32 21 24 30 36 0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 16 18 17 17 17 16 13 13 13 14 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Health 1 2 9 10 13 12 6 11 6 6 0
      Clinical medicine 0 0 8 7 8 8 2 7 2 4 0
      Other health 1 2 1 3 5 4 4 4 4 2 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2023–14
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All types and sources of support 3,076 3,137 2,972 2,886 3,022 2,910 2,657 2,555 2,760 2,630
  Fellowships 1,605 1,508 1,504 1,542 1,810 1,766 1,623 1,573 1,484 1,326
    Federal 107 115 129 170 145 173 191 213 165 162
    Institutional 1,484 1,373 1,361 1,355 1,643 1,586 1,430 1,360 1,229 1,154
    Nonfederal 14 20 14 17 22 7 2 0 90 10
  Research assistantships 481 488 475 432 391 366 337 331 391 443
    Federal 361 362 354 332 286 283 252 257 294 338
    Institutional 61 65 58 35 29 77 80 74 22 105
    Nonfederal 59 61 63 65 76 6 5 0 75 0
  Teaching assistantships 148 196 197 243 304 287 275 262 244 166
    Federal 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0
    Institutional 148 194 197 222 286 287 275 262 204 166
    Nonfederal 0 1 0 21 18 0 0 0 36 0
  Other types of support 842 945 796 669 517 491 422 389 641 695
    Federal 9 10 4 7 5 9 9 16 20 0
    Institutional 2 2 8 4 8 12 2 12 8 165
    Nonfederal 31 22 27 30 23 22 29 25 33 18
    Personal resources 800 911 757 628 481 448 382 336 580 512

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  Science and engineering 566 474 504 543 558 515 463 421 411 399
    Science 478 383 401 424 433 406 369 331 329 317
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 18 14 11
      Biological and biomedical sciences 257 237 252 267 262 238 210 171 160 192
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 25 22
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 6 7 4 7 6 6 5 4 2 4
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 6 8
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 5 7 5 4 7 5 6 6 16 10
      Mathematics and statistics 12 10 10 13 18 22 16 11 10 7
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 45 39 37 34 42 48 48 8 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 10 8 8 7 8 11 10 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 76 29 36 42 43 35 34 34 42 40
      Psychology 14 10 9 6 0 2 1 17 27 8
      Social sciences 52 34 39 43 47 39 39 33 27 15
    Engineering 88 91 103 119 125 109 94 90 82 82
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 42 50 55 58 53 45 41 35 31 24
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 7 4 3 5 11 14 14 18 16 12
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 19 22 27 32 39 30 21 16 24 33
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 17 13 15 20 17 20 18 12 11 13
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 3 2 3 4 5 0 0 9 0 0
      Other engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Health 117 125 129 142 155 156 137 166 173 257
      Clinical medicine 116 124 128 140 151 152 134 161 170 254
      Other health 1 1 1 2 4 4 3 5 3 3

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2023–14
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All surveyed fields 350 329 361 348 343 326 283 348 341 368
  Science and engineering 289 259 293 272 265 252 216 256 245 238
    Science 242 206 226 202 196 193 169 188 191 190
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 11 4
      Biological and biomedical sciences 153 146 157 149 135 114 99 107 96 127
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 10 11
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 2 4
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 3 1
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 1 3 0 0 0 0 3 4 7 4
      Mathematics and statistics 7 5 4 3 5 12 7 6 6 5
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 24 21 20 10 19 23 28 6 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 5 3 5 4 2 8 5 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 33 16 23 25 25 24 18 18 26 23
      Psychology 6 1 3 1 0 1 0 11 23 5
      Social sciences 9 7 11 6 7 7 6 7 7 6
    Engineering 47 53 67 70 69 59 47 68 54 48
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 22 28 35 36 31 23 23 28 21 18
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 4 1 1 3 4 7 5 12 8 4
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 8 16 16 14 22 19 9 12 15 20
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 10 6 12 13 8 10 10 8 10 6
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 3 2 3 4 4 0 0 8 0 0
      Other engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Health 61 70 68 76 78 74 67 92 96 130
      Clinical medicine 61 70 68 75 77 73 67 92 96 130
      Other health 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  All R&D fields 1,507,996 1,390,538 1,237,686 1,196,638 1,226,517 1,167,611 1,126,924 1,055,778 1,036,698 1,036,813
    Science 1,380,300 1,271,922 1,127,800 1,084,552 1,112,549 1,061,232 1,033,367 969,300 943,613 954,486
      Computer and information sciences 12,836 8,320 5,273 6,019 5,845 5,785 5,611 5,271 5,693 4,639
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 9,796 8,178 7,310 9,675 11,077 11,171 11,054 10,214 17,810 18,387
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geological and earth sciences 1,742 1,455 1,186 2,130 3,364 3,404 2,702 3,063 2,427 2,435
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 8,054 6,723 6,124 7,545 7,713 7,767 8,352 7,151 6,154 6,038
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,229 9,914
      Life sciences 1,266,314 1,174,640 1,040,786 990,897 1,018,199 971,355 950,245 888,830 855,980 867,513
        Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Biological and biomedical sciences 317,434 289,829 291,851 245,327 237,097 221,378 207,819 203,682 206,433 223,392
        Health sciences 922,346 857,681 721,730 717,323 749,965 718,370 696,085 639,042 617,925 614,876
        Natural resources and conservation 9,756 10,004 10,570 10,726 9,051 7,897 8,074 10,756 0 0
        Life sciences nec 16,778 17,126 16,635 17,521 22,086 23,710 38,267 35,350 31,622 29,245
      Mathematics and statistics 8,374 9,125 8,922 9,842 10,319 9,766 9,306 10,238 12,126 12,791
      Physical sciences 29,127 23,281 22,131 22,396 21,176 19,322 17,992 19,074 18,093 17,406
        Astronomy and astrophysics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Chemistry 16,182 12,672 11,536 9,809 10,711 9,293 8,425 8,973 7,803 7,152
        Materials science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Physics 12,945 10,609 10,595 12,587 10,465 10,029 9,567 10,101 10,290 10,254
        Physical sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Psychology 10,189 7,467 6,923 8,953 11,226 9,647 6,777 6,996 8,239 10,297
      Social sciences 43,163 40,627 36,432 36,760 34,532 34,186 32,382 28,677 25,672 23,453
        Anthropology 3,158 1,361 1,278 1,742 1,502 1,111 938 660 0 0
        Economics 3,749 3,997 2,930 3,790 4,170 2,433 4,772 5,807 5,641 5,882
        Political science and government 918 1,118 469 770 15,135 14,501 14,751 11,502 11,543 10,582
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 11,645 12,180 11,349 10,273 11,105 12,858 8,437 7,165 6,031 3,942
        Social sciences nec 23,693 21,971 20,406 20,185 2,620 3,283 3,484 3,543 2,457 3,047
      Sciences nec 501 284 23 10 175 0 0 0 0 0
    Engineering 109,885 102,748 94,483 95,657 100,379 92,715 80,554 74,746 85,580 76,918
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 49,428 47,302 45,357 43,021 39,559 36,419 29,529 24,134 26,681 20,293
      Chemical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Civil engineering 10,221 9,177 9,086 9,763 13,331 13,780 8,942 7,149 5,659 5,441
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 36,043 34,006 28,351 31,499 32,513 25,955 23,782 22,850 33,193 30,547
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 12,099 10,424 10,058 8,266 8,684 9,259 7,771 6,882 7,317 5,150
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 1,972 1,723 1,461 2,282 4,114 4,490 7,593 9,753 8,820 10,471
      Engineering nec 122 116 170 826 2,178 2,812 2,937 3,978 3,910 5,016
    Non-S&E 17,811 15,868 15,403 16,429 13,589 13,664 13,003 11,732 7,505 5,409
      Business management and business administration 11,788 12,685 11,834 13,537 10,643 9,992 9,396 7,940 4,669 2,155
      Communication and communications technologies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 0
      Education 41 0 61 96 150 193 386 292 296 164
      Humanities 2,985 1,534 1,503 1,622 1,522 2,405 1,461 1,395 1,380 1,973
      Law 1,054 761 705 741 670 256 548 742 631 467
      Social work 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Visual and performing arts 152 235 211 47 286 293 384 403 339 555
      Non-S&E nec 1,791 653 1,089 386 318 525 828 960 95 95

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2023
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields 1,507,996 974,202 773 191,004 219,452 96,327 26,238
    Science 1,380,300 887,171 773 168,373 214,100 86,013 23,870
      Computer and information sciences 12,836 11,229 0 952 430 114 111
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 9,796 6,097 44 1,788 279 1,302 286
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geological and earth sciences 1,742 1,150 0 174 56 300 62
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 8,054 4,947 44 1,614 223 1,002 224
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Life sciences 1,266,314 807,184 719 151,415 212,259 72,676 22,061
        Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Biological and biomedical sciences 317,434 272,094 0 18,666 10,336 14,103 2,235
        Health sciences 922,346 520,614 573 124,159 201,742 56,415 18,843
        Natural resources and conservation 9,756 5,414 20 2,205 94 1,644 379
        Life sciences nec 16,778 9,062 126 6,385 87 514 604
      Mathematics and statistics 8,374 5,166 0 1,373 147 1,674 14
      Physical sciences 29,127 25,284 0 2,406 514 814 109
        Astronomy and astrophysics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Chemistry 16,182 13,439 0 1,712 514 409 108
        Materials science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Physics 12,945 11,845 0 694 0 405 1
        Physical sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Psychology 10,189 7,025 0 2,106 0 883 175
      Social sciences 43,163 25,177 10 7,860 471 8,550 1,095
        Anthropology 3,158 2,337 0 494 0 289 38
        Economics 3,749 1,927 0 927 68 753 74
        Political science and government 918 458 0 223 0 217 20
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 11,645 9,918 0 895 7 819 6
        Social sciences nec 23,693 10,537 10 5,321 396 6,472 957
      Sciences nec 501 9 0 473 0 0 19
    Engineering 109,885 85,594 0 14,956 2,896 5,102 1,337
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 49,428 38,306 0 6,565 1,756 2,307 494
      Chemical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Civil engineering 10,221 5,516 0 2,159 514 1,705 327
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 36,043 30,117 0 4,625 395 749 157
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 12,099 9,683 0 1,566 175 341 334
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 1,972 1,972 0 0 0 0 0
      Engineering nec 122 0 0 41 56 0 25
    Non-S&E 17,811 1,437 0 7,675 2,456 5,212 1,031
      Business management and business administration 11,788 454 0 5,478 2,306 2,546 1,004
      Communication and communications technologies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Education 41 26 0 15 0 0 0
      Humanities 2,985 153 0 1,143 0 1,689 0
      Law 1,054 411 0 220 0 423 0
      Social work 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Visual and performing arts 152 53 0 93 0 6 0
      Non-S&E nec 1,791 340 0 726 150 548 27

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
Federal Agencies 974,202 901,807 776,632 707,746 709,705 645,259 623,573 575,521 559,217 557,969
  DOD 61,598 62,529 61,602 65,776 64,374 63,161 59,601 57,998 58,455 54,271
  DOE 18,482 16,235 16,169 17,100 15,385 13,776 14,459 12,282 9,832 9,565
  HHS 833,339 769,574 634,171 570,531 571,613 511,365 492,740 444,094 423,827 429,096
  NASA 2,223 3,027 2,454 2,872 3,269 2,551 2,369 3,404 2,912 3,281
  NSF 45,599 37,887 33,567 34,439 35,357 37,962 38,018 38,832 40,136 38,562
  USDA 998 848 512 719 946 1,075 1,101 1,057 1,121 898
  Other 11,963 11,707 28,157 16,309 18,761 15,369 15,285 17,854 22,934 22,296

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2023–17 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2023 . . . .
2022 . . . .
2021 . . . .
2020 . . . .
2019 10,097 1,812 8,285 .
2018 8,961 1,597 7,364 .
2017 8,706 1,372 7,334 .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space 983 1,022 1,047 1,090 1,120
    Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Biological and biomedical sciences 381 328 339 345 360
    Computer and information sciences 5 7 8 7 10
    Engineering 114 99 98 89 86
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 9 8 8 9 12
    Health sciences 334 430 490 539 536
    Mathematics and statistics 2 2 3 4 6
    Natural resources and conservation 17 21 15 12 18
    Physical sciences 94 94 63 59 67
    Psychology 13 15 11 10 13
    Social sciences 13 17 14 14 11
    Other 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space . . . 57,868 89,500 0
    Biological and biomedical sciences . . . . 12,400 0
    Engineering . . . 55,250 0 0
    Health sciences . . . 2,618 77,100 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 10,403 3,411 929 21,820 17,437
    Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Biological and biomedical sciences 2,604 2,263 355 18,395 9,190
    Computer and information sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Engineering 0 0 0 510 886
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 2,136
    Health sciences 487 898 574 1,691 3,714
    Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0
    Natural resources and conservation 0 251 0 0 577
    Physical sciences 0 0 0 1,224 483
    Psychology 7,312 0 0 0 450
    Social sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Other 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

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