Harvard U.

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures Research space
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2024 14 97.2 459 37 94.3 631 19 98.1 925
2023 13 97.4 459 37 94.7 679 15 98.5 911 18 97.2 602
2022 11 97.8 457 34 95.2 680 13 98.7 900
2021 16 96.7 447 34 95.3 691 10 99 908 17 97.3 583
2020 17 96.5 450 33 95.4 698 9 99.1 916
2019 9 98.2 447 31 95.7 697 9 99.1 914 18 97.1 589
2018 12 97.4 428 29 96 700 9 99.1 911
2017 13 97.2 425 29 95.9 684 9 99.1 898 16 97.4 575
2016 13 97.2 430 21 97.2 697 8 99.2 896
2015 12 97.4 426 21 97.1 693 10 99 898 15 97.6 570
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2024–15
Fields 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All fields 705 725 753 621 628 738 717 683 677 706
  Science and engineering 534 573 570 480 485 581 556 496 508 528
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources 2 2 1 . 2 3 . 2 2 .
      Natural resources and conservation 2 2 1 . 2 3 . 2 2 .
    Biological and biomedical sciences 196 208 207 159 187 224 211 172 194 220
      Biochemistry and biophysics 17 16 13 14 15 16 21 22 19 21
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 50 46 33 22 55 38 37 24 40 24
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 22 29 21 25 13 28 22 16 11 10
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy 4 5 5 3 2 7 10 6 8 15
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 18 34 37 33 27 27 36 31 32 30
      Genetics and genomics 6 16 8 7 8 10 7 3 5 9
      Microbiology and immunology 29 32 44 24 28 32 31 27 23 42
      Molecular biology 15 6 11 10 6 11 14 8 6 13
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 28 21 28 16 20 27 18 20 31 30
      Pharmacology and toxicology . . . . . . . . . 1
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 2 . 4 1 2 14 6 6 7 8
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other 5 3 3 4 11 14 9 9 12 17
    Computer and information sciences 22 18 19 14 11 18 8 11 5 10
      Computer science 22 16 19 14 11 18 8 11 5 10
      Computer and information sciences, other . 2 . . . . . . . .
    Engineering 26 26 41 25 21 27 18 23 25 25
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 8 9 10 4 8 9 5 6 3 10
      Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering 2 2 . 1 2 1 . 1 2 4
      Electrical and computer engineering 4 3 5 2 3 . 1 2 3 1
      Materials and mining engineering 4 4 5 2 . 5 1 3 8 1
      Mechanical engineering 4 5 7 5 2 8 1 2 4 1
      Engineering, other 4 3 14 11 6 4 10 9 5 8
    Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 12 11 17 7 11 10 11 15 8 11
      Geological sciences 9 5 8 5 6 5 5 7 6 5
      Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences 3 6 9 2 5 5 6 8 2 6
    Health sciences 19 33 32 40 37 42 58 38 22 27
      Public health 17 29 30 31 34 37 57 35 21 24
      Health sciences, other 2 4 2 9 3 5 1 3 1 3
    Mathematics and statistics 21 23 26 27 19 21 27 18 20 26
      Applied mathematics 7 6 10 9 4 3 5 5 3 3
      Mathematics 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 6 13
      Statistics 7 4 5 5 6 6 11 4 3 9
      Mathematics and statistics, other 5 10 9 11 7 9 9 6 8 1
    Physical sciences 83 103 103 91 82 116 97 90 93 78
      Astronomy and astrophysics 10 15 16 17 7 8 15 12 16 9
      Chemistry 26 39 32 27 25 46 30 31 28 18
      Physics 47 49 55 47 50 62 52 47 49 51
    Psychology 14 15 17 13 13 24 13 19 15 16
      Clinical psychology 3 1 3 3 3 7 4 3 4 1
      Counseling and applied psychology . . . 1 1 . . 1 1 .
      Research and experimental psychology 8 7 11 6 6 17 6 11 6 12
      Psychology, other 3 7 3 3 3 . 3 4 4 3
    Social sciences 139 134 107 104 102 96 113 108 124 115
      Anthropology 9 8 9 5 8 5 7 9 15 5
      Economics 39 36 30 32 25 29 46 33 33 34
      Political science and government 22 33 13 23 16 20 18 21 28 32
      Public policy analysis 21 16 16 15 24 13 10 11 14 15
      Sociology, demography, and population studies 15 9 14 5 11 8 16 13 8 14
      Social sciences, other 33 32 25 24 18 21 16 21 26 15
  Non-science and engineering 171 152 183 141 143 157 161 187 169 178
    Business 16 17 17 15 17 19 20 13 19 18
      Business 16 17 17 15 17 19 20 13 19 18
    Education 26 14 24 16 21 17 23 25 32 36
      Education leadership and administration . . 1 . . 2 1 3 7 6
      Education research 14 11 12 9 6 9 10 12 10 23
      Teacher education and teaching fields 1 . 2 1 . 1 6 3 3 2
      Education, other 11 3 9 6 15 5 6 7 12 5
    Humanities and arts 105 103 125 87 92 103 106 135 105 112
      Letters 22 16 20 18 18 19 14 23 21 21
      Foreign languages and literature 21 11 23 9 15 21 14 23 17 19
      History 19 27 26 23 20 29 28 33 27 25
      Philosophy and religious studies 18 20 26 19 15 15 20 23 14 18
      Music and performing arts 8 9 11 3 8 7 8 11 8 9
      Humanities and arts, other 17 20 19 15 16 12 22 22 18 20
    Other non-science and engineering 24 18 17 23 13 18 12 14 13 12
      Communication 1 2 . . . . . . . .
      Public administration and social services . . . . . . . . 1 .
      Non-science and engineering, other 23 16 17 23 13 18 12 14 12 12

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents   2,442   2,476   2,607   2,646   2,607   2,615   2,604   2,632   3,057   3,018 i
    Hispanic or Latino   339   343   344   314   273   242   237   221   261   235 i
    Not Hispanic or Latino   2,060   2,081   2,215   2,274   2,265   2,303   2,305   2,354   2,685   2,614 i
      American Indian or Alaska Native   3   3   4   6   6   11   9   7   10   9 i
      Asian   543   500   540   514   497   499   480   495   542   544 i
      Black or African American   182   193   189   183   162   142   136   128   153   147 i
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander   2   2   3   2   2   2   1   0   4   5 i
      White   1,176   1,217   1,309   1,406   1,431   1,483   1,529   1,588   1,848   1,778 i
      More than one race   154   166   170   163   167   166   150   136   128   131 i
    Unknown ethnicity and race   43   52   48   58   69   70   62   57   111   169 i
  Temporary visa holders   1,656   1,675   1,640   1,563   1,481   1,460   1,430   1,408   1,709   1,693 i
  Science and engineering   3,622   3,646   3,700   3,647   3,606   3,565   3,464   3,348   4,422   4,278 i
    Science   3,106   3,133   3,137   3,161   3,154   3,090   3,106   3,016   4,227   4,098 i
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological and biomedical sciences   1,586   1,573   1,529   1,517   1,482   1,450   1,465   1,380   1,247   1,352 i
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Computer and information sciences   179   185   192   164   151   146   140   113   124   122 i
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   57   54 i
      Mathematics and statistics   150   146   142   120   128   118   125   149   145   155 i
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   1   1   0   2   3   6   15   27   0   0 i
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Physical sciences   508   506   507   509   519   494   488   492   558   576 i
      Psychology   117   118   110   112   123   122   121   83   83   76 i
      Social sciences   565   604   657   737   748   754   752   772   1,908   1,652 i
    Engineering   516   513   563   486   452   475   358   332   195   180 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   4   4   4   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   49   56   60   43   39   35   34   53   0   0 i
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   11   12   12   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Mechanical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Other engineering   452   441   487   443   413   440   324   279   195   180 i
    Health   476   505   547   562   482   510   570   692   344   433 i
      Clinical medicine   398   440   484   501   428   465   545   692   344   433 i
      Other health   78   65   63   61   54   45   25   0   0   0 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents   217   211   217   168   187   165   177   173   254   236 i
    Hispanic or Latino   15   14   22   14   15   9   11   14   21   19 i
    Not Hispanic or Latino   198   194   190   150   167   153   161   157   227   214 i
      American Indian or Alaska Native   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1 i
      Asian   67   64   59   43   46   41   45   38   63   74 i
      Black or African American   18   15   15   15   8   8   11   8   8   3 i
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      White   104   106   110   87   110   101   101   103   143   129 i
      More than one race   7   9   6   5   3   3   4   8   12   7 i
    Unknown ethnicity and race   4   3   5   4   5   3   5   2   6   3 i
  Temporary visa holders   130   130   143   127   130   112   114   74   132   64 i
  Science and engineering   115   128   149   133   146   154   53   44   228   160 i
    Science   109   122   139   130   135   146   29   25   226   160 i
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological and biomedical sciences   107   117   134   125   127   141   17   20   124   76 i
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Computer and information sciences   1   2   2   3   6   2   1   0   17   11 i
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0   0   5   1   7   4 i
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   2   3   0   0 i
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Physical sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Social sciences   1   3   3   2   2   3   4   1   78   69 i
    Engineering   6   6   10   3   11   8   24   19   2   0 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   5   6   6   2   3   5   22   18   0   0 i
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Mechanical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Other engineering   1   0   4   1   8   3   2   1   2   0 i
    Health   232   213   211   162   171   123   238   203   158   140 i
      Clinical medicine   232   213   211   162   171   123   238   203   158   140 i
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields   1,331   1,252   1,347   1,292   1,280   1,219   1,271   1,253   1,276   1,149 i
  Science and engineering   1,261   1,205   1,295   1,238   1,228   1,164   1,239   1,224   1,254   1,137 i
    Science   1,120   1,084   1,151   1,086   1,089   1,035   1,121   1,110   1,198   1,098 i
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological and biomedical sciences   779   765   809   773   759   720   757   730   649   613 i
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Computer and information sciences   53   51   50   48   50   49   37   41   22   22 i
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   29   25 i
      Mathematics and statistics   37   40   47   23   19   23   28   37   39   30 i
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   0   0   0   0   1   1   3   2   0   0 i
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Physical sciences   211   185   197   195   199   173   220   228   253   216 i
      Psychology   11   13   14   11   16   18   19   11   16   10 i
      Social sciences   29   30   34   36   45   51   57   61   108   93 i
    Engineering   141   121   144   152   139   129   118   114   56   39 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   1   0   3   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Mechanical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Other engineering   140   121   141   152   139   129   118   114   56   39 i
    Health   70   47   52   54   52   55   32   29   22   12 i
      Clinical medicine   7   1   1   1   5   17   9   29   22   12 i
      Other health   63   46   51   53   47   38   23   0   0   0 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2024–15
Type and primary source of support 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All types and sources of support   4,098   4,151   4,247   4,209   4,088   4,075   4,034   4,040   4,766   4,711 i
  Fellowships   1,757   1,763   1,696   1,681   1,684   1,761   1,595   1,705   2,075   1,850 i
    Federal   597   550   596   569   598   590   592   631   563   537 i
    Institutional   1,083   1,145   1,043   1,041   1,013   1,083   914   949   1,353   1,142 i
    Nonfederal   77   68   57   71   73   88   89   125   159   171 i
  Research assistantships   1,201   1,179   1,172   1,157   1,165   1,113   1,225   1,034   973   892 i
    Federal   730   702   745   718   680   620   669   607   646   573 i
    Institutional   300   307   285   364   375   376   459   332   212   185 i
    Nonfederal   171   170   142   75   110   117   97   95   115   134 i
  Teaching assistantships   262   266   331   357   377   315   266   303   290   306 i
    Federal   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   14   0   3 i
    Institutional   262   266   330   357   377   313   263   285   282   298 i
    Nonfederal   0   0   0   0   0   2   3   4   8   5 i
  Other types of support   878   943   1,048   1,014   862   886   948   998   1,428   1,663 i
    Federal   4   0   5   5   2   9   10   1   67   36 i
    Institutional   79   81   113   79   91   66   110   90   212   238 i
    Nonfederal   72   71   62   3   8   63   82   26   68   65 i
    Personal resources   723   791   868   927   761   748   746   881   1,081   1,324 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  Science and engineering   2,079   2,268   2,002   2,327   2,476   2,619   2,590   2,519   2,514   2,292 i
    Science   1,860   2,042   1,819   2,112   2,262   2,377   2,360   2,293   2,413   2,211 i
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   4   5 i
      Biological and biomedical sciences   1,353   1,457   1,372   1,696   1,860   1,936   1,944   1,969   1,783   1,597 i
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Computer and information sciences   31   39   33   37   27   38   32   29   25   21 i
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   17   21 i
      Mathematics and statistics   53   78   40   26   33   46   33   26   43   71 i
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   0   15   0   0   3   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Physical sciences   240   300   229   225   231   247   242   225   320   329 i
      Psychology   98   76   71   61   47   42   63   0   60   46 i
      Social sciences   85   77   74   67   61   68   46   44   57   47 i
    Engineering   219   226   183   215   214   242   230   226   101   81 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   37   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   91   88   70   75   95   105   61   57   2   2 i
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   24   26   0   0   0   0 i
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   0   0   0   0   6   11   0   0   0   0 i
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Mechanical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   52   53   0   0   0   0 i
      Other engineering   128   138   113   103   37   47   169   169   99   79 i
    Health   3,734   3,436   3,172   3,164   3,311   3,410   3,434   3,504   3,359   3,382 i
      Clinical medicine   3,683   3,378   3,130   3,115   3,254   3,331   3,355   3,383   3,253   3,295 i
      Other health   51   58   42   49   57   79   79   121   106   87 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields   2,011   2,072   2,276   2,406   2,505   2,541   2,449   2,261   2,385   2,307 i
  Science and engineering   838   889   939   1,007   1,084   1,113   1,045   947   984   956 i
    Science   759   808   850   896   995   1,023   972   870   924   923 i
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   3   3 i
      Biological and biomedical sciences   598   625   689   720   828   871   819   740   684   696 i
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Computer and information sciences   13   11   13   17   10   11   14   16   10   5 i
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   3   6 i
      Mathematics and statistics   16   18   10   16   17   27   19   11   7   13 i
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   0   6   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Physical sciences   91   101   93   102   100   95   97   93   149   142 i
      Psychology   25   38   36   32   33   13   19   0   14   9 i
      Social sciences   16   9   9   9   6   6   4   10   11   7 i
    Engineering   79   81   89   111   89   90   73   77   60   33 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   16   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   25   21   29   42   45   43   25   24   0   0 i
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   9   11   0   0   0   0 i
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   0   0   0   0   2   4   0   0   0   0 i
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Mechanical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   23   20   0   0   0   0 i
      Other engineering   54   60   60   53   10   12   48   53   60   33 i
    Health   1,173   1,183   1,337   1,399   1,421   1,428   1,404   1,314   1,401   1,351 i
      Clinical medicine   1,151   1,159   1,317   1,367   1,386   1,382   1,352   1,264   1,364   1,309 i
      Other health   22   24   20   32   35   46   52   50   37   42 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  All R&D fields   1,494,527   1,435,218   1,308,458   1,254,008   1,239,983   1,239,736   1,173,371   1,123,160   1,077,253   1,013,753
    Science   1,232,016   1,197,209   1,100,381   1,052,143   1,018,460 i   1,033,507 i   969,826 i   927,359 i   941,819   881,460
      Computer and information sciences   25,831   28,969   21,712   20,858   15,250   15,229   15,431   13,534   11,229   5,603
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   29,828   30,302   38,984   38,756   43,505   43,664   42,697   37,409   37,326   31,544
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   7,229   7,192   7,508   6,193   5,791   4,506   2,368   772   302   263
        Geological and earth sciences   9,084   10,324   9,216   8,834   10,816   10,105   11,815   10,390   9,438   9,805
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   145   367   451   820   25   21   18   13   33   36
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   13,370   12,419   21,809   22,909   26,873   29,032   28,496   26,234   27,553   21,440
      Life sciences   817,904   793,236   741,297   714,069   684,127 i   704,460 i   656,790 i   633,462 i   599,596   533,231
        Agricultural sciences   165   0   0   26   47   0   0   0   0   18
        Biological and biomedical sciences   667,805   647,908   561,958   539,289   534,656   536,371   486,362   479,595   421,924   374,276
        Health sciences   145,348   140,426   131,479   133,571   122,619   137,745   136,254   121,625   145,780   139,473
        Natural resources and conservation   3,013   4,068   7,218   8,023   2,981 i   3,435 i   4,370 i   3,066 i   0   0
        Life sciences nec   1,573   834   40,642   33,160   23,824 i   26,909 i   29,804 i   29,176 i   31,892   19,464
      Mathematics and statistics   24,070   19,878   22,230   19,503   20,038   22,127   22,908   20,679   11,866   10,558
      Physical sciences   136,052   134,733   118,530   109,606   100,654   94,515   84,054   84,679   82,643   72,929
        Astronomy and astrophysics   15,144   14,369   12,087   11,658   16,435   14,467   15,000   14,273   12,401   11,337
        Chemistry   35,731   34,728   37,601   37,078   33,675   34,683   29,444   31,204   30,835   32,068
        Materials science   0   3,996   52   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Physics   73,860   70,188   66,873   59,910   49,146   43,696   36,953   36,614   36,276   28,073
        Physical sciences nec   11,317   11,452   1,917   960   1,398   1,669   2,657   2,588   3,131   1,451
      Psychology   6,923   8,218   6,355   4,200   5,099   6,829   8,362   8,711   7,588   6,772
      Social sciences   182,911   169,192   144,801   136,543   142,484   141,321   134,493   124,966   100,223   97,165
        Anthropology   5,977   5,387   2,537   1,692   2,117   1,524   2,033   1,742   1,695   0
        Economics   39,543   33,270   32,074   30,422   33,563   29,355   23,248   16,177   13,063   8,400
        Political science and government   45,855   44,567   36,713   37,058   41,849   46,607   44,867   44,683   41,064   51,126
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   31,983   31,872   6,062   5,495   2,059   2,297   2,490   3,520   3,093   1,366
        Social sciences nec   59,553   54,096   67,415   61,876   62,896   61,538   61,855   58,844   41,308   36,273
      Sciences nec   8,497   12,681   6,472   8,608   7,303   5,362   5,091   3,919   91,348   123,658
    Engineering   106,255   99,830   96,920   92,782   97,884   95,651   96,786   105,231   70,131   73,786 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   18,072   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   2,192 i
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   64,706   47,731   62,685   60,912   60,486   65,491   57,016   60,437   30,546   28,896
      Chemical engineering   2,096   1,410   1,513   1,398   382   335   472   488   620   2,381
      Civil engineering   4,984   7,420   4,317   3,339   3,646   4,660   6,195   10,159   6,527   7,201
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   9,925   5,245   5,323   5,783   11,132   11,751   10,619   11,892   9,830   7,620
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   290   538   292   614   815   567   2,914   2,584   3,214   3,300
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   19,760   17,947   20,335   19,474   19,888   11,652   14,225   13,521   12,102   14,683
      Engineering nec   4,494   1,467   2,455   1,262   1,535   1,195   5,345   6,150   7,292   7,513 i
    Non-S&E   156,256   138,179   111,157   109,083   123,639   110,578   106,759   90,570   65,303   58,507
      Business management and business administration   37,252   36,108   32,502   32,862   36,568   17,433   16,350   14,202   13,467   8,385
      Communication and communications technologies   674   3,687   3,057   2,769   3,004   1,491   2,707   242   211   789
      Education   51,099   47,420   40,789   43,542   50,226   60,198   60,295   52,090   36,278   34,773
      Humanities   39,056   22,073   12,226   9,961   10,009   8,916   8,025   7,071   5,103   4,872
      Law   23,294   24,364   20,298   18,388   21,871   20,707   17,291   15,109   8,950   8,414
      Social work   8   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   4,873   4,527   2,285   1,561   1,961   1,833   1,773   1,651   1,294   1,274
      Non-S&E nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   318   205   0   0

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields   1,494,527   672,947   5,819   525,882   63,568   193,779   32,532
    Science   1,232,016   611,513   5,228   377,423   57,214   153,706   26,932
      Computer and information sciences   25,831   9,022   0   13,254   1,434   2,121   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   29,828   17,426   135   7,468   1,851   2,361   587
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   7,229   3,405   0   1,116   332   1,807   569
        Geological and earth sciences   9,084   3,785   0   3,581   1,296   404   18
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   145   124   0   21   0   0   0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   13,370   10,112   135   2,750   223   150   0
      Life sciences   817,904   452,078   2,570   215,680   39,849   95,013   12,714
        Agricultural sciences   165   155   0   10   0   0   0
        Biological and biomedical sciences   667,805   373,989   669   176,550   33,853   75,202   7,542
        Health sciences   145,348   75,852   1,901   37,278   5,440   19,705   5,172
        Natural resources and conservation   3,013   2,082   0   269   556   106   0
        Life sciences nec   1,573   0   0   1,573   0   0   0
      Mathematics and statistics   24,070   19,235   0   3,881   93   749   112
      Physical sciences   136,052   64,698   0   45,918   12,079   12,503   854
        Astronomy and astrophysics   15,144   4,938   0   6,634   0   3,567   5
        Chemistry   35,731   19,288   0   10,908   592   4,365   578
        Materials science   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Physics   73,860   38,223   0   25,905   4,890   4,571   271
        Physical sciences nec   11,317   2,249   0   2,471   6,597   0   0
      Psychology   6,923   2,820   0   3,825   0   228   50
      Social sciences   182,911   45,839   2,523   79,847   1,908   40,353   12,441
        Anthropology   5,977   227   0   5,530   0   54   166
        Economics   39,543   3,354   870   16,275   808   10,062   8,174
        Political science and government   45,855   1,979   1,636   28,579   901   11,947   813
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   31,983   17,789   0   10,082   0   3,461   651
        Social sciences nec   59,553   22,490   17   19,381   199   14,829   2,637
      Sciences nec   8,497   395   0   7,550   0   378   174
    Engineering   106,255   47,442   524   41,146   5,040   9,857   2,246
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   64,706   24,846   0   26,916   2,121   9,025   1,798
      Chemical engineering   2,096   2,091   0   5   0   0   0
      Civil engineering   4,984   2,215   0   2,589   67   35   78
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   9,925   4,523   0   3,767   859   535   241
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   290   290   0   0   0   0   0
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   19,760   13,477   524   3,376   1,992   262   129
      Engineering nec   4,494   0   0   4,493   1   0   0
    Non-S&E   156,256   13,992   67   107,313   1,314   30,216   3,354
      Business management and business administration   37,252   0   0   37,252   0   0   0
      Communication and communications technologies   674   0   0   0   0   674   0
      Education   51,099   11,161   14   18,387   1,312   18,091   2,134
      Humanities   39,056   2,538   0   27,995   2   7,454   1,067
      Law   23,294   293   53   19,001   0   3,802   145
      Social work   8   0   0   0   0   0   8
      Visual and performing arts   4,873   0   0   4,678   0   195   0
      Non-S&E nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Federal Agencies   672,947   639,953   628,683   616,589   605,603   618,405   587,584   573,157   558,611   545,202
  DOD   53,130   49,624   57,929   72,042   63,252 i   57,390 i   64,559 i   76,389 i   53,126   48,037 i
  DOE   18,691   20,120   20,978   16,476   16,016 i   14,594 i   13,518 i   15,985   17,971   19,398 i
  HHS   519,677   490,149   472,585   456,919   452,679 i   475,795 i   434,270 i   407,130 i   409,336   398,983 i
  NASA   7,651   7,992   9,545   8,549   9,824 i   8,446 i   9,605 i   9,557   8,987   11,047 i
  NSF   54,738   54,965   49,923   47,086   48,684 i   46,321 i   50,806 i   51,608 i   54,074   51,204 i
  USDA   335   385   387   175   196 i   170 i   197 i   232 i   246   225
  Other   18,725   16,718   17,336   15,342   14,952 i   15,689 i   14,629 i   12,256 i   14,871   16,308 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2024–18 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2024   .   .   .   .
2023   .   .   .   .
2022   .   .   .   .
2021   .   .   .   .
2020   .   .   .   .
2019   7,579   1,090   6,489   .
2018   7,575   1,124   6,451   .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space   2,548   2,520   2,416   2,410   2,420
    Agricultural sciences   32   32   32   35   35
    Biological and biomedical sciences   1,171   1,165   1,173   1,182   1,170
    Computer and information sciences   40   37   25   24   24
    Engineering   209   203   127   122   145
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   145   136   98   102   86
    Health sciences   66   71   65   65   77
    Mathematics and statistics   69   69   66   64   65
    Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   3
    Physical sciences   400   393   399   395   449
    Psychology   61   58   60   60   60
    Social sciences   306   297   296   286   280
    Other   51   60   76   76   26

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space   72,650   0   0   0   206,391
    Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   23,050   0   0   0   0
    Computer and information sciences   0   0   0   0   18,930
    Engineering   0   0   0   0   187,461
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Health sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0
    Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0
    Physical sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Psychology   0   0   0   0   0
    Social sciences   49,600   0   0   0   0
    Other   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space   442,006   230,402   79,420   230,398   134,075
    Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   958   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   293,248   63,684   49,924   174,243   113,963
    Computer and information sciences   0   396   0   0   281
    Engineering   44,314   16,853   5,873   3,723   2,184
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   5,412   3,603   0   4,830   2,680
    Health sciences   0   5,082   4,090   4,619   2,568
    Mathematics and statistics   1,755   2,340   0   4,705   1,451
    Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0
    Physical sciences   84,833   132,184   16,641   20,162   10,948
    Psychology   8,579   2,640   2,535   949   0
    Social sciences   3,864   3,620   357   16,209   0
    Other   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

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