Johns Hopkins U.

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures Research space
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2024 26 94.6 459 14 98 631 1 100 925
2023 25 94.8 459 15 98 679 1 100 911 4 99.5 602
2022 29 93.9 457 12 98.4 680 1 100 900
2021 32 93.1 447 15 98 691 1 100 908 4 99.5 583
2020 34 92.7 450 24 96.7 698 1 100 916
2019 29 93.8 447 25 96.6 697 1 100 914 9 98.6 589
2018 23 94.9 428 28 96.2 700 1 100 911
2017 26 94.2 425 26 96.4 684 1 100 898 4 99.5 575
2016 29 93.5 430 31 95.7 697 1 100 896
2015 23 94.9 426 31 95.7 693 1 100 898 3 99.6 570
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2024–15
Fields 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All fields 510 531 507 423 426 455 507 495 476 492
  Science and engineering 479 484 482 389 403 430 467 461 435 460
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources 2 2 . 1 . . . 1 1 1
      Agricultural sciences . . . 1 . . . . . .
      Natural resources and conservation 2 2 . . . . . 1 1 1
    Biological and biomedical sciences 159 187 156 151 173 158 178 172 166 178
      Biochemistry and biophysics 28 26 18 24 22 17 23 21 23 24
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 20 22 10 8 14 11 11 19 19 13
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 12 10 22 8 11 9 8 9 14 9
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy 1 4 2 4 3 13 5 8 11 11
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 18 22 17 16 19 20 29 14 19 24
      Genetics and genomics 7 12 14 13 18 9 15 9 9 9
      Microbiology and immunology 18 20 17 15 21 22 18 18 16 24
      Molecular biology 17 19 11 13 12 14 14 10 10 12
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 20 16 19 26 28 18 25 22 23 18
      Pharmacology and toxicology 4 10 6 3 9 6 7 14 4 8
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 11 21 18 19 14 14 21 25 11 20
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other 3 5 2 2 2 5 2 3 7 6
    Computer and information sciences 29 35 33 24 16 20 19 16 19 4
      Computer science 21 25 21 18 16 19 19 16 18 4
      Computer and information sciences, other 8 10 12 6 . 1 . . 1 .
    Engineering 122 98 128 81 66 81 99 93 78 93
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 2 2 . . . . . . . 1
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 31 26 41 16 17 25 29 37 31 39
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 29 16 22 17 6 11 12 7 10 7
      Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering 10 16 8 11 7 6 17 11 6 11
      Electrical and computer engineering 14 18 22 11 13 6 12 15 8 15
      Industrial engineering and operations research 3 . 1 1 1 4 . . 1 .
      Materials and mining engineering 12 4 14 6 6 8 9 13 9 9
      Mechanical engineering 14 14 17 17 16 18 18 10 13 11
      Engineering, other 7 2 3 2 . 3 2 . . .
    Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 9 6 8 2 7 6 6 10 2 3
      Geological sciences 7 1 1 1 5 2 5 6 1 2
      Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences 2 5 7 1 2 4 1 4 1 1
    Health sciences 60 48 52 45 62 64 66 70 60 82
      Nursing science 16 5 10 6 6 16 9 5 4 5
      Public health 36 37 32 35 50 34 55 61 49 68
      Health sciences, other 8 6 10 4 6 14 2 4 7 9
    Mathematics and statistics 14 21 15 11 11 9 11 9 15 11
      Applied mathematics 4 7 4 1 5 3 2 1 5 4
      Mathematics 1 . . . 3 1 3 1 . 1
      Statistics . 5 4 4 . 2 1 4 3 .
      Mathematics and statistics, other 9 9 7 6 3 3 5 3 7 6
    Physical sciences 35 47 44 31 36 48 38 41 37 33
      Astronomy and astrophysics 7 9 12 7 7 7 14 9 5 4
      Chemistry 21 31 24 15 15 25 16 21 18 12
      Physics 7 7 8 9 14 16 8 11 14 17
    Psychology 8 11 10 13 6 8 1 6 14 6
      Counseling and applied psychology 2 . . 1 1 . . . . 1
      Research and experimental psychology 6 11 10 10 5 7 1 6 11 5
      Psychology, other . . . 2 . 1 . . 3 .
    Social sciences 41 29 36 30 26 36 49 43 43 49
      Anthropology 4 2 4 5 3 5 5 6 2 3
      Economics 8 9 6 5 7 9 11 12 7 11
      Political science and government 8 7 7 4 5 5 10 9 11 17
      Public policy analysis 3 3 4 5 1 3 5 2 7 5
      Sociology, demography, and population studies 3 5 3 5 4 4 6 1 2 8
      Social sciences, other 15 3 12 6 6 10 12 13 14 5
  Non-science and engineering 31 47 25 34 23 25 40 34 41 32
    Business . 1 1 . . . . . 1 .
      Business . 1 1 . . . . . 1 .
    Education . . . . . . . . 2 .
      Education research . . . . . . . . 2 .
      Education, other . . . . . . . . . .
    Humanities and arts 31 44 24 33 23 25 40 34 37 32
      Letters 7 13 8 9 3 5 8 4 9 9
      Foreign languages and literature 3 6 5 7 1 5 8 8 9 4
      History 9 16 5 11 8 8 9 15 10 13
      Philosophy and religious studies 5 4 3 1 5 4 9 2 3 4
      Humanities and arts, other 7 5 3 5 6 3 6 5 6 2
    Other non-science and engineering . 2 . 1 . . . . 1 .
      Communication . . . . . . . . 1 .
      Non-science and engineering, other . 2 . 1 . . . . . .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 3,081 3,076 3,411 3,347 2,829 2,592 2,427 2,396 2,477 2,464
    Hispanic or Latino 358 358 380 351 256 233 212 186 151 136
    Not Hispanic or Latino 2,377 2,484 2,878 2,911 2,492 2,267 2,136 2,133 2,263 2,266
      American Indian or Alaska Native 3 3 7 7 11 5 6 6 13 14
      Asian 656 673 735 673 518 487 462 422 469 431
      Black or African American 262 281 324 304 241 209 152 141 141 145
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0 1 3 0 1 1 0 0 2 11
      White 1,306 1,358 1,633 1,757 1,599 1,459 1,407 1,471 1,565 1,617
      More than one race 150 168 176 170 122 106 109 93 73 48
    Unknown ethnicity and race 346 234 153 85 81 92 79 77 63 62
  Temporary visa holders 3,407 3,160 3,011 2,518 1,816 2,084 1,784 1,713 1,452 1,372
  Science and engineering 5,996 5,587 5,291 4,900 3,993 4,014 3,480 3,397 3,142 3,075
    Science 4,376 4,016 3,777 3,470 2,765 2,782 2,364 2,369 2,325 2,384
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 6 8 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 2,063 1,888 1,657 1,620 1,320 1,257 1,101 1,139 1,077 1,042
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 553 458 454 392 322 372 302 294 201 174
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 42 36 43 40 44 40 40 32 37 36
      Mathematics and statistics 510 406 438 439 251 213 207 191 187 154
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 25 22 20 24 18 24 22 21 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 320 348 330 323 301 278 252 257 240 223
      Psychology 42 110 105 106 103 93 90 92 107 110
      Social sciences 821 748 730 520 398 505 350 343 391 560
    Engineering 1,620 1,571 1,514 1,430 1,228 1,232 1,116 1,028 817 691
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 5 8 7 6 6 5 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 535 528 512 512 444 384 314 272 244 217
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 254 233 257 227 184 217 214 201 144 113
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 140 133 144 139 117 129 125 130 41 54
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 235 215 181 170 146 167 163 155 145 126
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 35 37 21 12 5 4 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 284 298 293 275 219 232 217 195 98 123
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 103 89 79 89 83 76 78 75 72 58
      Other engineering 29 30 20 0 24 18 5 0 73 0
    Health 492 649 1,131 965 652 662 731 712 787 761
      Clinical medicine 473 624 1,109 935 630 646 710 694 777 659
      Other health 19 25 22 30 22 16 21 18 10 102

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 7,590 7,849 7,491 7,558 7,038 6,148 1,001 717 379 279
    Hispanic or Latino 831 809 718 689 630 515 60 50 19 11
    Not Hispanic or Latino 6,454 6,737 6,447 6,542 6,047 5,249 888 628 337 252
      American Indian or Alaska Native 20 23 17 24 14 14 3 2 0 1
      Asian 1,438 1,421 1,302 1,258 1,084 898 174 139 77 49
      Black or African American 603 593 523 552 508 434 90 60 28 23
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 9 5 8 11 10 6 0 0 2 1
      White 4,024 4,344 4,291 4,415 4,162 3,653 573 398 217 170
      More than one race 360 351 306 282 269 244 48 29 13 8
    Unknown ethnicity and race 305 303 326 327 361 384 53 39 23 16
  Temporary visa holders 771 862 818 766 632 578 405 334 185 104
  Science and engineering 7,612 7,948 6,899 6,908 6,526 5,805 683 526 290 141
    Science 4,913 5,301 4,409 4,494 4,362 4,013 653 495 273 128
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 1,867 1,955 1,070 1,067 987 1,003 89 83 27 13
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 1,366 1,334 1,267 1,259 1,151 957 63 63 41 28
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 642 747 637 631 566 479 13 10 13 16
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 383 384 390 391 390 309 0 0 0 0
      Psychology 0 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 2 2
      Social sciences 654 875 1,041 1,142 1,265 1,262 484 336 190 69
    Engineering 2,699 2,647 2,490 2,414 2,164 1,792 30 31 17 13
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 450 468 435 430 358 235 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 215 203 236 231 158 99 0 0 0 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 4 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 125 127 136 161 172 161 13 14 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 700 659 639 637 580 485 6 6 4 6
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 653 718 665 630 587 542 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 463 399 328 286 288 249 10 9 3 6
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 89 73 51 39 20 19 1 2 1 1
      Other engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
    Health 749 763 1,410 1,416 1,144 921 723 525 274 242
      Clinical medicine 742 757 1,400 1,409 1,121 905 709 515 274 233
      Other health 7 6 10 7 23 16 14 10 0 9

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields 981 1,018 1,150 1,099 998 924 863 929 1,156 1,111
  Science and engineering 907 932 1,060 1,014 920 837 777 787 1,065 1,011
    Science 660 692 637 599 525 492 465 479 731 731
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 4 6 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 529 575 516 493 423 407 387 386 488 492
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 17 12 11 17 11 9 5 5 77 61
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 16 14 16 15 16 15 15 12 14 11
      Mathematics and statistics 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 0 0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 53 52 52 31 29 26 25 24 103 93
      Psychology 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 31 28 27
      Social sciences 27 22 26 24 25 20 18 17 19 42
    Engineering 247 240 423 415 395 345 312 308 334 280
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 0 0 203 203 182 146 131 143 117 100
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 60 56 54 50 48 44 40 36 50 39
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 17 17 18 17 16 16 15 15 8 10
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 47 43 36 34 29 31 32 30 54 44
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 81 84 79 83 74 70 67 63 48 47
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 30 28 25 28 26 23 23 21 32 40
      Other engineering 12 12 8 0 20 15 4 0 25 0
    Health 74 86 90 85 78 87 86 142 91 100
      Clinical medicine 74 86 90 84 67 82 83 137 91 76
      Other health 0 0 0 1 11 5 3 5 0 24

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2024–15
Type and primary source of support 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All types and sources of support 6,488 6,236 6,422 5,865 4,645 4,676 4,211 4,109 3,929 3,836
  Fellowships 1,465 1,442 1,460 1,378 1,287 1,194 1,163 1,154 1,139 1,075
    Federal 473 485 512 550 523 528 488 452 471 470
    Institutional 943 896 857 734 670 560 580 638 593 523
    Nonfederal 49 61 91 94 94 106 95 64 75 82
  Research assistantships 773 795 1,020 1,001 813 857 693 917 1,011 978
    Federal 353 384 505 451 359 332 226 399 636 592
    Institutional 302 303 386 408 345 392 346 344 221 254
    Nonfederal 118 108 129 142 109 133 121 174 154 132
  Teaching assistantships 622 599 591 582 531 532 473 434 374 361
    Federal 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
    Institutional 619 594 581 568 513 514 457 419 371 361
    Nonfederal 2 4 9 13 17 17 15 14 2 0
  Other types of support 3,628 3,400 3,351 2,904 2,014 2,093 1,882 1,604 1,405 1,422
    Federal 154 148 132 97 115 63 148 77 48 49
    Institutional 440 531 619 391 372 428 421 265 311 427
    Nonfederal 349 373 76 101 90 68 71 47 56 53
    Personal resources 2,685 2,348 2,524 2,315 1,437 1,534 1,242 1,215 990 893

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  Science and engineering 814 812 812 811 808 765 726 763 628 611
    Science 644 670 686 681 685 625 592 626 515 511
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 11 17 23 33 28 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 492 514 521 531 530 509 472 495 353 357
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 17 19 16 10 16 13 24 15 8 5
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 12 13 9 8 8 9 10 8 8 7
      Mathematics and statistics 17 15 15 11 5 5 4 16 4 2
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 1 2 0 3 6 4 4 2 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 59 61 63 40 48 43 44 49 39 37
      Psychology 21 20 33 37 36 33 28 32 30 32
      Social sciences 14 9 6 8 8 9 6 9 7 16
    Engineering 170 142 126 130 123 140 134 137 113 100
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 55 56 54 50 32 30 36 40 31 26
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 24 26 22 20 27 32 36 29 22 22
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 20 18 14 17 14 13 10 12 8 11
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 10 10 7 7 10 13 12 10 9 5
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 21 17 20 17 18 26 24 28 23 24
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 32 15 9 19 22 26 16 18 13 12
      Other engineering 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
    Health 1,018 958 928 919 915 1,042 1,060 1,005 1,069 1,068
      Clinical medicine 1,010 949 922 916 914 1,015 1,037 994 1,051 1,050
      Other health 8 9 6 3 1 27 23 11 18 18

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields 821 792 807 845 836 811 814 816 743 749
  Science and engineering 403 395 454 461 472 417 417 459 391 373
    Science 331 342 384 386 405 340 346 387 321 304
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 4 8 14 22 17 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 233 239 266 274 290 256 283 295 213 218
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 10 11 10 6 9 7 11 7 6 3
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 8 9 6 5 5 6 7 5 5 5
      Mathematics and statistics 9 9 8 6 3 2 2 10 3 0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 3 6 4 4 2 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 45 46 48 32 39 34 27 38 24 24
      Psychology 19 18 31 35 33 30 12 30 21 22
      Social sciences 3 2 1 3 3 1 0 0 0 2
    Engineering 72 53 70 75 67 77 71 72 70 69
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 12 11 36 33 19 18 21 23 21 23
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 7 7 6 6 9 11 12 9 17 17
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 9 8 7 9 8 8 6 7 3 5
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 8 8 6 6 8 10 9 8 7 2
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 9 7 8 7 7 11 11 12 10 15
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 26 12 7 14 16 19 12 13 8 7
      Other engineering 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0
    Health 418 397 353 384 364 394 397 357 352 376
      Clinical medicine 418 397 353 384 364 380 385 352 342 366
      Other health 0 0 0 0 0 14 12 5 10 10

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  All R&D fields 4,129,264 3,801,585 3,420,312 3,181,385 3,110,494 2,917,436 2,661,033 2,562,307 2,431,180 2,305,679
    Science 2,401,204 i 2,293,941 i 2,085,546 i 1,936,957 i 1,899,037 i 1,765,945 i 1,568,674 i 1,476,620 i 1,398,570 i 1,307,120 i
      Computer and information sciences 302,764 i 309,828 i 270,237 i 270,040 i 226,696 i 199,773 i 161,884 i 154,963 i 142,021 i 123,653 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 64,172 i 72,538 i 96,789 i 79,257 i 65,556 i 42,585 i 34,663 i 35,624 i 33,628 i 31,854 i
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 7,110 i 11,587 i 14,132 i 11,368 i 10,436 i 6,390 i 4,346 i 4,206 i 3,083 i 3,024 i
        Geological and earth sciences 37,158 i 29,977 i 41,157 i 34,126 i 26,228 i 13,018 i 11,304 i 11,856 i 10,171 i 8,978 i
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 6,803 i 23,174 i 31,292 i 24,357 i 16,698 i 8,842 i 5,757 i 5,688 i 4,729 i 4,637 i
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 13,101 i 7,800 i 10,208 i 9,406 i 12,194 i 14,335 i 13,256 i 13,874 i 15,645 i 15,215 i
      Life sciences 1,347,690 i 1,264,589 i 1,179,546 i 1,069,865 i 1,047,668 i 1,053,401 i 991,451 i 954,186 i 904,527 i 867,715 i
        Agricultural sciences 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i
        Biological and biomedical sciences 399,360 i 379,802 i 358,980 i 350,122 i 311,295 i 326,327 i 288,079 i 289,980 i 295,388 i 237,881 i
        Health sciences 948,314 i 884,787 i 820,566 i 719,743 i 736,373 i 727,074 i 703,372 i 664,206 i 609,139 i 565,915 i
        Natural resources and conservation 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0
        Life sciences nec 16 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 63,919 i
      Mathematics and statistics 263,313 i 230,354 i 141,477 i 117,429 i 105,774 i 85,874 i 78,432 i 59,511 i 55,510 i 47,552 i
      Physical sciences 355,793 i 332,727 i 317,282 i 338,454 i 390,245 i 323,619 i 243,916 i 189,415 i 181,885 i 167,009 i
        Astronomy and astrophysics 23,115 i 22,326 i 31,863 i 63,207 i 96,033 i 80,768 i 41,913 i 30,839 i 25,075 i 27,879 i
        Chemistry 31,005 i 26,888 i 25,673 i 24,078 i 25,946 i 24,180 i 23,237 i 23,404 i 25,874 i 21,871 i
        Materials science 3,388 i 3,462 i 4,402 i 4,977 i 4,300 i 4,682 i 4,881 i 6,154 i 5,717 i 0
        Physics 266,947 i 257,687 i 234,921 i 223,991 i 232,583 i 183,818 i 150,439 i 96,487 i 102,748 i 97,805 i
        Physical sciences nec 31,338 i 22,364 i 20,423 i 22,201 i 31,383 i 30,171 i 23,446 i 32,531 i 22,471 i 19,454 i
      Psychology 8,125 i 8,378 i 7,744 i 6,201 i 5,918 i 4,995 i 3,702 i 3,753 i 4,934 i 3,663 i
      Social sciences 9,137 i 11,336 i 9,118 i 5,305 i 6,221 i 8,923 i 7,417 i 10,368 i 9,130 i 11,034 i
        Anthropology 74 i 96 i 217 i 54 i 8 i 24 i 45 i 46 i 31 i 0
        Economics 770 i 463 i 244 i 36 i 51 i 121 i 88 i 97 i 36 i 440 i
        Political science and government 279 i 229 i 168 i 165 i 202 i 107 i 79 i 0 i 86 i 109 i
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 6,282 i 9,117 i 6,482 i 2,907 i 5,116 i 7,379 i 6,379 i 9,656 i 8,513 i 10,201 i
        Social sciences nec 1,732 i 1,431 i 2,007 i 2,143 i 844 i 1,292 i 826 i 569 i 464 i 284 i
      Sciences nec 50,210 i 64,191 i 63,353 i 50,406 i 50,959 i 46,775 i 47,209 i 68,800 i 66,935 i 54,640 i
    Engineering 1,712,148 i 1,493,689 i 1,324,646 i 1,237,980 i 1,205,632 i 1,147,335 i 1,087,478 i 1,080,021 i 1,026,629 i 991,937 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 253,893 i 196,236 i 164,961 i 148,593 i 132,651 i 121,043 i 112,969 i 114,109 i 94,319 i 84,382 i
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 99,222 i 90,639 i 82,261 i 69,477 i 59,419 i 52,304 i 47,584 i 42,519 i 38,587 i 37,798 i
      Chemical engineering 38,830 i 26,307 i 24,980 i 21,053 i 22,153 i 20,532 i 16,116 i 16,548 i 15,522 i 11,741 i
      Civil engineering 19,376 i 20,189 i 18,090 i 16,577 i 16,831 i 19,363 i 18,068 i 16,225 i 15,268 i 19,377 i
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 827,917 i 624,367 i 567,218 i 549,900 i 547,044 i 536,637 i 531,447 i 534,573 i 471,346 i 459,635 i
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 92,579 i 117,095 i 100,873 i 99,189 i 99,394 i 96,682 i 87,115 i 762 i 0 i 0
      Mechanical engineering 307,487 i 268,430 i 247,082 i 225,086 i 224,716 i 208,582 i 185,333 i 182,172 i 161,975 i 151,893 i
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 27,459 i 46,404 i 37,033 i 32,038 i 29,331 i 24,664 i 22,846 i 18,885 i 15,873 i 11,081 i
      Engineering nec 45,385 i 104,022 i 82,148 i 76,067 i 74,093 i 67,528 i 66,000 i 154,228 i 213,739 i 216,030 i
    Non-S&E 15,912 i 13,955 i 10,120 i 6,448 i 5,825 i 4,156 i 4,881 i 5,666 i 5,981 i 6,622 i
      Business management and business administration 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i
      Communication and communications technologies 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 479 i
      Education 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i
      Humanities 15,798 i 13,819 i 9,994 i 6,255 i 5,696 i 4,096 i 4,738 i 5,434 i 5,621 i 6,143 i
      Law 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i
      Social work 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i
      Visual and performing arts 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i 0 i
      Non-S&E nec 114 i 136 i 126 i 193 i 129 i 60 i 143 i 232 i 360 i 0 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • Johns Hopkins University includes Applied Physics Laboratory, with $1,909,094 thousand in total R&D expenditures in FY 2020.
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields 4,129,264 3,618,064 10,896 185,200 133,402 177,078 4,624
    Science 2,401,204 i 1,968,649 10,327 136,515 i 123,343 159,322 3,048
      Computer and information sciences 302,764 i 292,282 28 7,832 i 2,017 557 48
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 64,172 i 57,547 360 4,558 i 283 1,408 16
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 7,110 i 6,604 0 477 i 29 0 0
        Geological and earth sciences 37,158 i 34,160 0 2,442 i 226 314 16
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 6,803 i 6,317 0 458 i 28 0 0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 13,101 i 10,466 360 1,181 i 0 1,094 0
      Life sciences 1,347,690 i 962,169 9,939 103,390 i 119,269 150,462 2,461
        Agricultural sciences 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
        Biological and biomedical sciences 399,360 i 299,415 653 28,005 i 29,620 41,143 524
        Health sciences 948,314 i 662,739 9,286 75,384 i 89,649 109,319 1,937
        Natural resources and conservation 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
        Life sciences nec 16 i 15 0 1 i 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 263,313 i 256,137 0 6,317 i 461 343 55
      Physical sciences 355,793 i 339,814 0 12,058 i 989 2,831 101
        Astronomy and astrophysics 23,115 i 21,525 0 1,389 i 83 118 0
        Chemistry 31,005 i 28,692 0 1,403 i 436 474 0
        Materials science 3,388 i 3,086 0 271 i 0 31 0
        Physics 266,947 i 257,176 0 6,992 i 470 2,208 101
        Physical sciences nec 31,338 i 29,335 0 2,003 i 0 0 0
      Psychology 8,125 i 7,302 0 557 i 0 266 0
      Social sciences 9,137 i 6,492 0 320 i 124 1,834 367
        Anthropology 74 i 27 0 4 i 0 43 0
        Economics 770 i 26 0 40 i 0 704 0
        Political science and government 279 i 0 0 15 i 0 260 4
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 6,282 i 5,714 0 169 i 0 399 0
        Social sciences nec 1,732 i 725 0 92 i 124 428 363
      Sciences nec 50,210 i 46,906 0 1,483 i 200 1,621 0
    Engineering 1,712,148 i 1,645,349 214 48,371 i 9,115 7,601 1,498
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 253,893 i 247,390 5 5,969 i 450 0 79
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 99,222 i 85,271 178 5,936 i 3,949 3,674 214
      Chemical engineering 38,830 i 36,258 1 1,523 i 779 260 9
      Civil engineering 19,376 i 17,305 4 853 i 530 539 145
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 827,917 i 804,740 17 20,585 i 1,776 550 249
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 92,579 i 90,208 2 2,176 i 164 0 29
      Mechanical engineering 307,487 i 297,199 6 8,233 i 702 642 705
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 27,459 i 22,941 0 1,853 i 694 1,916 55
      Engineering nec 45,385 i 44,037 1 1,243 i 71 20 13
    Non-S&E 15,912 i 4,066 355 314 i 944 10,155 78
      Business management and business administration 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
      Communication and communications technologies 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
      Education 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
      Humanities 15,798 i 4,066 355 314 i 944 10,041 78
      Law 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
      Social work 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
      Visual and performing arts 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
      Non-S&E nec 114 i 0 0 0 i 0 114 0

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • Johns Hopkins University includes Applied Physics Laboratory, with $1,909,094 thousand in total R&D expenditures in FY 2020.
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Federal Agencies 3,618,064 3,324,551 2,971,816 2,774,643 2,682,410 2,482,130 2,251,097 2,178,605 2,104,653 1,992,837
  DOD 1,835,055 1,628,821 1,476,638 1,459,350 1,373,241 1,262,988 1,108,578 1,097,143 1,037,685 794,397
  DOE 15,165 11,671 12,785 11,697 12,481 8,315 7,458 8,908 9,125 8,003
  HHS 984,943 919,852 844,336 722,250 693,055 673,751 651,656 626,049 618,525 584,834
  NASA 523,768 515,047 426,124 368,276 382,439 312,073 264,837 234,446 252,470 213,697
  NSF 45,761 40,834 38,498 36,823 36,694 37,180 39,487 37,943 37,379 33,967
  USDA 4,849 3,553 1,226 1,284 1,517 1,309 975 825 537 1,111
  Other 208,523 204,773 172,209 174,963 182,983 186,514 178,106 173,291 148,932 356,828

NOTE:
  • Johns Hopkins University includes Applied Physics Laboratory, with $1,909,094 thousand in total R&D expenditures in FY 2020.
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2024–18 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2024 . . . .
2023 . . . .
2022 . . . .
2021 . . . .
2020 . . . .
2019 25,423 i 3,532 i 21,891 i .
2018 22,548 i 2,999 i 19,549 i .

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • Johns Hopkins University includes Applied Physics Laboratory, with $1,909,094 thousand in total R&D expenditures in FY 2020.
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space 3,704 3,443 2,978 3,267 3,548
    Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Biological and biomedical sciences 684 689 639 776 745
    Computer and information sciences 199 158 202 153 344
    Engineering 1,362 1,192 869 1,062 1,131
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 33 41 20 19 20
    Health sciences 600 645 636 878 900
    Mathematics and statistics 22 31 14 15 15
    Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0
    Physical sciences 404 343 377 169 300
    Psychology 90 74 51 46 45
    Social sciences 68 58 37 37 35
    Other 242 212 133 113 14

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 597,060 0 1,705 143,010 0
    Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Biological and biomedical sciences 290,190 0 0 4,000 0
    Computer and information sciences 0 0 0 1,780 0
    Engineering 158,701 0 1,705 98,397 0
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Health sciences 23,000 0 0 0 0
    Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0
    Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0
    Physical sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Psychology 0 0 0 0 0
    Social sciences 29,920 0 0 0 0
    Other 95,249 0 0 38,833 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 62,133 55,163 38,999 10,438 22,604
    Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Biological and biomedical sciences 18,204 8,073 14,020 10,438 6,391
    Computer and information sciences 0 3,514 9,703 0 8,114
    Engineering 10,440 30,841 12,689 0 6,153
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Health sciences 8,092 5,672 0 0 351
    Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0
    Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0
    Physical sciences 1,397 2,190 0 0 0
    Psychology 0 0 0 0 0
    Social sciences 0 0 0 0 757
    Other 24,000 4,873 2,587 0 839

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

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