Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures Research space
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2024 16 96.8 459 26 96.1 631 33 96.6 925
2023 16 96.8 459 27 96.2 679 33 96.5 911 33 94.7 602
2022 14 97.2 457 29 95.9 680 30 96.8 900
2021 18 96.2 447 27 96.3 691 29 96.9 908 34 94.4 583
2020 18 96.2 450 22 97 698 23 97.6 916
2019 16 96.7 447 29 96 697 18 98.2 914 31 95 589
2018 17 96.3 428 23 96.9 700 16 98.4 911
2017 16 96.5 425 20 97.2 684 14 98.6 898 30 95 575
2016 15 96.8 430 22 97 697 14 98.6 896
2015 17 96.3 426 20 97.3 693 13 98.7 898 23 96.2 570
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2024–15
Fields 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All fields 692 684 735 568 579 685 645 622 646 606
  Science and engineering 658 641 690 525 542 649 606 594 615 562
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources . . . 1 2 2 1 . . 2
      Agricultural sciences . . . . . 1 . . . .
      Natural resources and conservation . . . 1 2 1 1 . . 2
    Biological and biomedical sciences 83 69 67 46 64 69 54 71 86 64
      Biochemistry and biophysics 11 7 5 7 9 13 5 6 7 13
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 16 17 20 18 19 16 22 16 29 6
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 11 7 9 8 4 10 9 4 8 9
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy 3 . . . 4 3 3 1 6 2
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 2 . 1 . 2 1 . 2 . .
      Genetics and genomics 3 1 1 . 1 2 1 2 4 4
      Microbiology and immunology 9 3 3 1 11 4 8 3 3 9
      Molecular biology 4 7 11 6 6 3 2 9 3 6
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 18 21 12 4 7 9 2 21 10 10
      Pharmacology and toxicology . . . . . 1 . 1 . .
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 3 3 4 2 . 3 2 6 10 4
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other 3 3 1 . 1 4 . . 6 1
    Computer and information sciences 93 72 59 61 46 35 41 30 30 50
      Computer science 78 60 40 54 42 30 37 26 27 47
      Computer and information sciences, other 15 12 19 7 4 5 4 4 3 3
    Engineering 276 282 328 237 221 308 296 290 278 266
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 37 31 27 14 15 23 17 20 25 23
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 35 39 38 30 15 43 30 33 25 23
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 31 34 37 31 34 49 33 26 28 39
      Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering 14 10 14 7 9 27 13 5 12 11
      Electrical and computer engineering 51 57 82 45 39 14 32 27 53 50
      Industrial engineering and operations research 12 13 9 7 10 14 15 14 14 9
      Materials and mining engineering 23 26 42 29 18 36 35 33 40 31
      Mechanical engineering 47 49 43 50 61 62 61 61 62 53
      Engineering, other 26 23 36 24 20 40 60 71 19 27
    Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 28 27 37 21 23 28 22 48 26 29
      Geological sciences 11 12 6 5 12 10 10 16 12 15
      Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences 17 15 31 16 11 18 12 32 14 14
    Health sciences . 1 5 2 6 7 8 5 7 6
      Public health . . 1 . . . . 4 . .
      Health sciences, other . 1 4 2 6 7 8 1 7 6
    Mathematics and statistics 31 20 31 29 35 27 29 20 28 21
      Applied mathematics 4 2 7 6 4 1 4 2 2 5
      Mathematics 8 4 2 2 10 6 5 5 2 7
      Statistics 4 . 3 1 . 2 2 . 1 1
      Mathematics and statistics, other 15 14 19 20 21 18 18 13 23 8
    Physical sciences 85 109 97 76 79 101 85 63 101 80
      Astronomy and astrophysics 5 10 3 3 3 3 5 4 3 4
      Chemistry 46 44 49 34 39 42 45 30 47 35
      Physics 34 55 45 39 37 56 35 29 51 41
    Psychology 2 9 8 6 5 10 12 3 8 4
      Counseling and applied psychology . . . . . 1 . . 1 .
      Research and experimental psychology 2 9 8 6 5 9 12 3 7 4
    Social sciences 60 52 58 46 61 62 58 64 51 40
      Anthropology 2 2 2 . 1 1 . 3 1 1
      Economics 19 23 25 23 19 25 22 25 26 13
      Political science and government 16 7 5 8 13 8 12 13 4 6
      Public policy analysis . . . 1 1 . . . . 1
      Sociology, demography, and population studies . . . . . . 1 . . .
      Social sciences, other 23 20 26 14 27 28 23 23 20 19
  Non-science and engineering 34 43 45 43 37 36 39 28 31 44
    Business 18 21 24 22 17 19 17 12 18 24
      Business 18 21 24 22 17 19 17 12 18 24
    Education . . . 1 2 1 . . 1 2
      Education research . . . 1 2 1 . . 1 2
    Humanities and arts 6 8 4 6 16 11 14 4 2 5
      History . . . . . . . 1 . 2
      Philosophy and religious studies 6 6 . 5 5 3 5 2 1 .
      Music and performing arts . 1 . . . . . . . .
      Humanities and arts, other . 1 4 1 11 8 9 1 1 3
    Other non-science and engineering 10 14 17 14 2 5 8 12 10 13
      Communication 6 4 4 7 . . 2 4 2 4
      Public administration and social services . . 1 . . . . . . .
      Non-science and engineering, other 4 10 12 7 2 5 6 8 8 9

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents   3,044   2,944   2,839   2,852   2,674   2,597   2,582   2,548   2,636   2,648
    Hispanic or Latino   304   325   336   324   280   249   240   236   247   219
    Not Hispanic or Latino   2,294   2,429   2,323   2,337   2,200   2,146   2,153   2,093   2,164   2,212
      American Indian or Alaska Native   3   2   2   3   3   4   4   4   4   5
      Asian   718   661   616   600   552   539   559   522   522   534
      Black or African American   105   109   99   93   73   58   57   47   47   46
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander   2   1   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0
      White   1,244   1,292   1,388   1,442   1,417   1,418   1,416   1,396   1,460   1,499
      More than one race   222   364   217   198   155   127   117   124   131   128
    Unknown ethnicity and race   446   190   180   191   194   202   189   219   225   217
  Temporary visa holders   2,012   2,087   2,033   2,067   2,008   1,867   2,068   2,066   2,088   2,066
  Science and engineering   5,056   5,031   4,872   4,919   4,682   4,464   4,650   4,614   4,724   4,714
    Science   2,700   2,683   2,561   2,539   2,395   1,503   2,319   2,180   2,115   2,088
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological and biomedical sciences   406   423   404   407   381   368   392   372   283   297
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   191   180
      Computer and information sciences   845   820   766   764   738   61   660   548   516   480
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   159   157   164   158   161   149   143   131   170   181
      Mathematics and statistics   339   343   350   358   292   121   278   276   128   125
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   116   113   78   68   73   34   64   66   29   31
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   595   588   562   551   520   534   546   542   490   475
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social sciences   240   239   237   233   230   236   236   245   239   243
    Engineering   2,356   2,348   2,311   2,380   2,287   2,961   2,331   2,434   2,609   2,626
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   262   269   280   265   253   239   225   229   223   228
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   265   263   268   258   259   243   245   238   247   247
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   244   246   236   234   233   223   234   226   232   233
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   126   113   120   110   108   122   138   156   185   175
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   384   369   359   366   346   1,014   350   371   358   370
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   297   315   313   427   396   407   388   404   385   398
      Mechanical engineering   456   457   453   452   421   440   468   525   553   545
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   193   185   166   178   179   171   169   174   170   180
      Other engineering   129   131   116   90   92   102   114   111   256   250
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents   48   53   44   5   7   6   6   9   11   8
    Hispanic or Latino   4   8   6   0   1   0   1   1   1   1
    Not Hispanic or Latino   30   38   35   5   6   6   4   7   8   6
      American Indian or Alaska Native   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Asian   12   11   9   1   3   4   1   1   0   3
      Black or African American   2   3   2   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      White   15   22   23   4   3   2   3   6   8   2
      More than one race   1   2   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   1
    Unknown ethnicity and race   14   7   3   0   0   0   1   1   2   1
  Temporary visa holders   16   24   32   1   3   0   2   2   0   1
  Science and engineering   64   77   76   6   10   6   8   11   11   9
    Science   2   4   1   1   2   1   4   1   3   3
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological and biomedical sciences   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   2
      Computer and information sciences   2   1   1   0   0   0   1   1   0   0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1
      Mathematics and statistics   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social sciences   0   0   0   1   2   1   3   0   2   0
    Engineering   62   73   75   5   8   5   4   10   8   6
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   1   4   1   0   0   0   1   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   1   0   1   1   3   1   1   6   3   4
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0   0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   1   0   0   1   2   2   2   1   3   2
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   60   72   70   0   1   0   0   0   1   0
      Mechanical engineering   0   0   0   1   1   1   1   1   1   0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   1   1   0   0   0   0
      Other engineering   0   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields   913   1,021   1,041   1,305   1,354   1,205   1,218   1,341   1,333   1,378
  Science and engineering   913   1,021   1,041   1,305   1,354   1,205   1,218   1,341   1,333   1,378
    Science   450   520   485   613   651   417   570   586   568   605
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological and biomedical sciences   48   66   55   65   76   78   89   91   82   78
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   16   18
      Computer and information sciences   173   208   193   237   232   17   165   170   146   143
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   18   17   24   20   77   68   71   62   84   95
      Mathematics and statistics   14   13   7   11   10   12   8   13   6   19
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   10   7   4   9   8   3   10   8   9   8
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   187   208   198   266   246   236   227   238   210   208
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social sciences   0   1   4   5   2   3   0   4   3   21
    Engineering   463   501   556   692   703   788   648   755   765   773
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   88   111   110   119   119   95   101   112   101   107
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   43   39   50   57   81   69   84   81   83   94
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   41   48   47   75   69   67   60   52   70   56
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   13   16   14   11   29   16   26   32   31   32
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   75   82   90   123   114   289   119   123   104   113
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   25   27   24   39   40   29   32   53   47   56
      Mechanical engineering   72   85   108   152   152   112   115   180   180   165
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   48   38   55   60   52   60   52   66   73   73
      Other engineering   58   55   58   56   47   51   59   56   76   77
    Health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2024–15
Type and primary source of support 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All types and sources of support   5,056   5,031   4,872   4,919   4,682   4,464   4,650   4,614   4,724   4,714
  Fellowships   1,886   1,690   1,554   1,143   1,207   1,086   1,177   1,176   1,149   1,266
    Federal   115   103   101   174   284   245   282   289   282   348
    Institutional   1,730   1,524   1,384   951   910   800   859   788   771   789
    Nonfederal   41   63   69   18   13   41   36   99   96   129
  Research assistantships   2,173   2,301   2,198   2,401   2,252   2,380   2,301   2,303   2,529   2,511
    Federal   786   883   893   1,054   994   944   931   1,001   1,002   980
    Institutional   888   874   806   767   720   795   724   698   875   811
    Nonfederal   499   544   499   580   538   641   646   604   652   720
  Teaching assistantships   465   519   580   530   537   551   547   584   589   524
    Federal   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Institutional   457   515   578   528   537   551   547   584   586   522
    Nonfederal   8   4   2   2   0   0   0   0   3   2
  Other types of support   532   521   540   845   686   447   625   551   457   413
    Federal   12   35   47   77   76   16   5   51   49   50
    Institutional   10   13   11   116   20   8   9   16   10   3
    Nonfederal   13   31   36   85   87   41   95   72   74   61
    Personal resources   497   442   446   567   503   382   516   412   324   299

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  Science and engineering   1,452   1,463   1,358   1,335   1,344   1,433   1,413   1,423   1,503   1,493
    Science   720   751   712   758   752   795   770   767   818   777
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological and biomedical sciences   226   242   245   298   315   321   301   305   186   197
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   39   38
      Computer and information sciences   96   107   107   99   102   108   98   91   96   100
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   55   69   46   59   51   50   55   58   59   59
      Mathematics and statistics   20   29   25   24   26   24   25   26   19   15
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   19   24   26   17   21   22   21   18   25   26
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   291   260   245   241   226   256   261   260   265   239
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social sciences   13   20   18   20   11   14   9   9   11   7
    Engineering   732   712   646   577   592   638   643   656   685   716
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   35   35   31   22   19   18   26   25   24   29
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   137   135   143   128   133   138   155   149   145   145
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   147   131   116   93   87   90   84   90   100   109
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   72   72   53   51   71   58   45   49   58   59
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   102   97   97   83   81   98   110   117   116   121
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   25   27   24   20   23   32   25   22   19   19
      Mechanical engineering   102   100   82   73   85   99   87   88   101   110
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   63   70   69   68   64   70   71   73   72   76
      Other engineering   49   45   31   39   29   35   40   43   50   48
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields   569   622   592   574   551   559   548   588   593   650
  Science and engineering   569   622   592   574   551   559   548   588   593   650
    Science   276   319   307   308   303   297   288   280   307   322
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological and biomedical sciences   79   102   88   107   109   99   97   109   58   69
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   12   13
      Computer and information sciences   32   50   56   53   52   47   48   33   49   60
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   13   24   15   17   17   17   17   20   25   31
      Mathematics and statistics   5   6   5   1   4   4   6   4   3   10
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   8   11   11   9   9   13   12   12   12   16
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   138   123   130   120   112   117   107   102   117   99
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social sciences   1   3   2   1   0   0   1   0   1   0
    Engineering   293   303   285   266   248   262   260   308   286   328
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   19   26   19   15   11   8   17   19   15   17
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   57   63   71   75   74   66   78   86   73   81
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   68   70   58   35   30   32   24   31   32   39
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   12   12   12   11   19   20   9   15   10   14
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   45   44   43   42   33   49   49   66   62   65
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   2   7   6   3   5   7   4   5   0   3
      Mechanical engineering   44   38   29   27   26   27   26   34   36   47
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   28   25   29   31   29   36   35   33   30   33
      Other engineering   18   18   18   27   21   17   18   19   28   29
    Health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  All R&D fields   1,065,554   1,000,081   989,166   949,076   987,968   1,009,466   964,336   952,017   946,159   930,719
    Science   586,864   545,659   542,345   513,770   506,417   489,164   461,581   446,511   452,188   442,515
      Computer and information sciences   121,430   119,666   124,985   116,877   111,779   96,682   85,483   78,623   74,755   76,428
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   39,286   28,790   29,992   30,961   32,718   34,015   41,824   47,798   54,193   59,351
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   18,856   11,107   9,549   7,956   8,892   8,787   9,057   9,890   10,720   10,441
        Geological and earth sciences   9,500   9,244   10,258   11,360   11,897   13,777   16,981   16,331   13,897   18,371
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   5,569   4,540   7,724   9,521   8,738   8,299   9,148   9,012   9,891   8,260
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   5,361   3,899   2,461   2,124   3,191   3,152   6,638   12,565   19,685   22,279
      Life sciences   132,170   127,959   128,090   118,283   126,648   143,017   138,075   129,735   124,982   129,161
        Agricultural sciences   1,736   801   0   79   861   2,114   1,622   581   0   3
        Biological and biomedical sciences   46,214   49,814   56,438   60,795   67,446   82,262   75,156   68,109   73,941   80,160
        Health sciences   39,934   34,612   27,534   21,012   20,529   19,499   22,812   24,566   18,016   21,364
        Natural resources and conservation   744   836   811   378   509   891   1,748   237   0   0
        Life sciences nec   43,542   41,896   43,307   36,019   37,303   38,251   36,737   36,242   33,025   27,634
      Mathematics and statistics   11,667   10,270   9,676   9,015   10,434   11,774   9,888   7,671   9,399   9,130
      Physical sciences   198,965   180,988   174,813   170,494   153,044   136,601   124,145   127,856   137,188   119,516
        Astronomy and astrophysics   36,690   36,661   37,890   33,094   35,202   31,811   28,851   34,543   44,677   34,508
        Chemistry   40,393   35,918   35,819   37,408   32,375   31,179   31,921   26,165   26,701   24,143
        Materials science   7,456   6,050   6,436   6,657   6,864   6,273   3,613   988   215   0
        Physics   74,421   70,662   68,994   57,207   48,695   43,880   44,041   55,226   56,874   51,854
        Physical sciences nec   40,005   31,697   25,674   36,128   29,908   23,458   15,719   10,934   8,721   9,011
      Psychology   999   525   803   478   484   517   1,985   1,909   2,612   1,307
      Social sciences   58,688   55,636   54,104   47,850   51,477   46,532   38,166   32,081   26,903   24,159
        Anthropology   12   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Economics   39,656   38,544   36,854   32,590   30,800   25,360   22,365   18,878   18,191   14,939
        Political science and government   4,966   4,032   3,387   2,958   3,185   3,558   3,472   3,514   2,253   2,466
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   0   10   64   25   38   421   41   36   0   0
        Social sciences nec   14,054   13,050   13,799   12,277   17,454   17,193   12,288   9,653   6,459   6,754
      Sciences nec   23,659   21,825   19,882   19,812   19,833   20,026   22,015   20,838   22,156   23,463
    Engineering   413,889   404,440   397,946   382,569   419,636   450,915   431,927   432,453   427,923   416,402
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   37,539   36,381   36,986   32,321   29,160   27,688   37,168   39,102   27,231   25,605
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   102,433   108,026   105,214   100,911   104,805   118,310   114,600   100,444   96,990   75,316
      Chemical engineering   64,362   58,369   49,094   45,797   47,150   46,670   37,212   37,056   29,379   33,225
      Civil engineering   15,883   14,034   16,428   16,423   14,924   18,280   20,039   20,087   24,955   27,703
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   37,663   42,244   51,752   42,546   55,447   52,774   40,413   41,913   44,965   55,603
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   1,228   1,521   603   79   117   214   108   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   53,949   52,284   49,402   46,417   53,616   55,277   56,652   57,311   54,433   60,088
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   39,969   29,447   29,280   30,592   42,431   41,282   29,502   27,932   31,696   30,188
      Engineering nec   60,863   62,134   59,187   67,483   71,986   90,420   96,233   108,608   118,274   108,674
    Non-S&E   64,801   49,982   48,875   52,737   61,915   69,387   70,828   73,053   66,048   71,802
      Business management and business administration   10,577   8,591   5,184   2,324   7   45,246   42,052   50,028   40,840   36,130
      Communication and communications technologies   464   0   151   129   41   44   26   71   35   0
      Education   37,980   27,583   29,247   35,776   46,996   10,504   14,247   15,173   12,263   9,469
      Humanities   1,493   1,233   2,100   3,823   5,859   450   525   457   595   1,601
      Law   0   0   1   175   482   0   0   0   0   0
      Social work   65   165   260   182   174   320   243   72   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   13   150   310   613   659   211   23   17   33   681
      Non-S&E nec   14,209   12,260   11,622   9,715   7,697   12,612   13,712   7,235   12,282   23,921

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields   1,065,554   595,053   2,631   90,091   181,626   127,564   68,589
    Science   586,864   346,786   0   49,237   85,845   78,023   26,973
      Computer and information sciences   121,430   61,026   0   16,203   33,394   4,592   6,215
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   39,286   28,788   0   3,523   3,854   2,334   787
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   18,856   14,905   0   1,700   1,979   67   205
        Geological and earth sciences   9,500   6,722   0   509   709   1,560   0
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   5,569   3,697   0   558   77   655   582
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   5,361   3,464   0   756   1,089   52   0
      Life sciences   132,170   92,776   0   11,945   6,451   17,809   3,189
        Agricultural sciences   1,736   0   0   1,736   0   0   0
        Biological and biomedical sciences   46,214   30,830   0   4,491   3,725   6,140   1,028
        Health sciences   39,934   31,636   0   2,673   387   4,815   423
        Natural resources and conservation   744   13   0   349   239   133   10
        Life sciences nec   43,542   30,297   0   2,696   2,100   6,721   1,728
      Mathematics and statistics   11,667   6,729   0   721   841   3,310   66
      Physical sciences   198,965   142,218   0   13,494   28,952   9,487   4,814
        Astronomy and astrophysics   36,690   33,912   0   971   0   1,333   474
        Chemistry   40,393   24,770   0   4,241   8,050   3,087   245
        Materials science   7,456   5,261   0   609   1,170   235   181
        Physics   74,421   58,377   0   5,583   3,520   3,626   3,315
        Physical sciences nec   40,005   19,898   0   2,090   16,212   1,206   599
      Psychology   999   923   0   70   0   0   6
      Social sciences   58,688   9,074   0   1,437   2,340   38,206   7,631
        Anthropology   12   12   0   0   0   0   0
        Economics   39,656   3,562   0   389   455   30,014   5,236
        Political science and government   4,966   105   0   0   0   4,733   128
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Social sciences nec   14,054   5,395   0   1,048   1,885   3,459   2,267
      Sciences nec   23,659   5,252   0   1,844   10,013   2,285   4,265
    Engineering   413,889   240,944   2,607   37,065   68,669   29,617   34,987
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   37,539   25,583   4   4,515   6,698   390   349
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   102,433   67,269   803   7,833   8,599   14,667   3,262
      Chemical engineering   64,362   40,789   0   3,856   12,353   6,225   1,139
      Civil engineering   15,883   5,259   70   1,729   4,134   2,953   1,738
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   37,663   22,833   0   3,357   7,884   1,572   2,017
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   1,228   0   0   108   1,120   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   53,949   27,076   0   6,262   14,449   2,267   3,895
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   39,969   15,739   93   5,627   3,176   376   14,958
      Engineering nec   60,863   36,396   1,637   3,778   10,256   1,167   7,629
    Non-S&E   64,801   7,323   24   3,789   27,112   19,924   6,629
      Business management and business administration   10,577   2,790   0   1,593   4,095   447   1,652
      Communication and communications technologies   464   301   0   0   0   3   160
      Education   37,980   1,034   0   1,192   22,084   12,471   1,199
      Humanities   1,493   21   0   82   0   1,388   2
      Law   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social work   65   0   24   0   0   41   0
      Visual and performing arts   13   1   0   0   0   12   0
      Non-S&E nec   14,209   3,176   0   922   933   5,562   3,616

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Federal Agencies   595,053   559,766   531,056   483,526   488,741   489,345   479,654   487,434   503,858   488,421
  DOD   135,137   130,434   135,575   128,158   134,685   139,924   127,807   134,215   135,565   130,035
  DOE   93,255   89,574   82,270   71,739   66,436   67,337   73,921   82,571   85,024   81,902
  HHS   184,931   163,137   148,759   138,517   134,831   136,305   132,070   113,429   115,623   119,114
  NASA   38,717   38,045   40,331   36,195   36,610   34,456   35,339   42,098   51,471   43,401
  NSF   119,178   117,488   106,311   93,738   98,283   95,998   96,081   94,305   97,033   95,326
  USDA   360   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
  Other   23,475   21,088   17,810   15,179   17,896   15,325   14,436   20,816   19,142   18,643

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2024–18 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2024   .   .   .   .
2023   .   .   .   .
2022   .   .   .   .
2021   .   .   .   .
2020   .   .   .   .
2019   9,028   1,016   8,012   .
2018   9,988   998   8,990   .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space   1,794   1,785   1,831   1,783   1,927
    Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   274   251   263   279   339
    Computer and information sciences   112   117   116   114   142
    Engineering   637   647   658   694   743
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   47   47   50   42   51
    Health sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Mathematics and statistics   8   8   10   8   8
    Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0
    Physical sciences   506   498   510   443   453
    Psychology   0   0   0   0   0
    Social sciences   33   32   34   29   18
    Other   177   185   191   174   174

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space   0   4,700   74,500   0   0
    Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Computer and information sciences   0   0   74,500   0   0
    Engineering   0   0   0   0   0
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   0   4,700   0   0   0
    Health sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0
    Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0
    Physical sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Psychology   0   0   0   0   0
    Social sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Other   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space   37,725   22,060   57,000   60,125   91,780
    Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   2,500   1,500   4,500   750   4,330
    Computer and information sciences   4,100   0   0   875   320
    Engineering   27,300   10,000   15,000   35,200   55,000
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   0   260   29,000   0   700
    Health sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0
    Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0
    Physical sciences   1,900   9,500   2,000   12,500   9,830
    Psychology   0   0   0   0   0
    Social sciences   925   300   0   1,400   6,920
    Other   1,000   500   6,500   9,400   14,680

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

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