Rankings

Data year	Earned doctorates			Full-time graduate students						Total R&D expenditures
	Rank	Percentile	Institutions ranked	Rank	Percentile	Institutions ranked	Rank	Percentile	Institutions ranked	Rank	Percentile	Institutions ranked
2021	14	3.9	448	28	4.9	691
2020	11	3.2	450	27	4.7	697
2019	17	4.6	447	28	4.8	696
2018	13	3.8	428	25	4.4	698
2017	12	3.6	425	28	4.9	684
2016	12	3.5	430	27	4.7	697
2015	13	3.8	426	25	4.4	693
2014	14	4.1	422	25	4.5	688
2013	12	3.6	417	24	5.1	555
2012	13	3.9	412	22	4.8	555

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by major field of study of recipients: 2021–12

Fields	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012
All fields	629	688	659	699	694	679	693	654	677	651
Science and engineering	496	554	513	533	527	533	531	492	519	497
Science	332	384	368	356	374	367	329	343	364	353
Life science	108	145	128	130	149	127	121	121	135	151
Agricultural sciences	13	24	21	24	32	13	23	21	24	21
Biological sciences	80	104	92	96	98	96	80	80	98	112
Health sciences	15	17	15	10	19	18	18	20	13	18
Physical sciences and earth sciences	67	73	76	81	86	92	79	67	68	66
Chemistry	22	24	21	18	30	38	29	24	26	25
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	15	19	24	27	26	18	23	19	11	17
Physics and astronomy	30	30	31	36	30	36	27	24	31	24
Mathematics and computer sciences	52	57	59	50	41	53	51	58	72	47
Computer sciences	24	25	36	26	27	26	26	36	42	21
Mathematics	28	32	23	24	14	27	25	22	30	26
Psychology and social sciences	105	109	105	95	98	95	78	97	89	89
Psychology	43	41	36	34	34	43	25	34	42	40
Anthropology	4	4	4	4	1	.	2	2	4	3
Economics	16	19	14	9	18	13	13	15	10	12
Political science and government	3	7	7	8	6	6	3	10	2	4
Sociology	12	8	12	11	14	12	12	19	11	14
Other social sciences	27	30	32	29	25	21	23	17	20	16
Engineering	164	170	145	177	153	166	202	149	155	144
Aeronautical/astronautical engineering	7	11	6	7	10	10	7	3	15	7
Biological/biomedical sciences	12	9	6	9	10	7	8	4	2	4
Chemical engineering	14	17	10	22	15	17	21	13	8	17
Civil engineering	5	9	8	8	13	3	7	7	6	5
Electrical engineering	18	25	24	19	16	23	29	24	24	16
Industrial engineering	11	12	9	16	8	9	13	7	10	7
Materials/metallurgical engineering	32	33	19	26	18	21	29	14	18	28
Mechanical engineering	25	22	26	24	22	27	30	21	25	17
Other engineering	40	32	37	46	41	49	58	56	47	43
Non-science and engineering	133	134	146	166	167	146	162	162	158	154
Education	70	70	82	77	96	74	76	74	64	74
Education administration	2	5	7	6	10	9	5	8	7	14
Education research	43	43	51	48	49	32	50	43	41	43
Teacher education	4	2	4	1	4	5	1	3	.	5
Teaching fields	12	10	11	11	16	18	12	11	11	10
Other education	9	10	9	11	17	10	8	9	5	2
Humanities	27	35	32	44	35	36	47	39	44	43
Foreign languages & literature	3	7	3	11	9	7	10	12	10	10
History	6	3	6	7	4	6	4	8	5	3
Letters	9	16	11	17	14	13	24	11	23	18
Other humanities and arts	9	9	12	9	8	10	9	8	6	12
Other	36	29	32	45	36	36	39	49	50	37
Business management/administration	16	16	18	15	18	18	20	24	27	25
Communication	12	7	7	24	10	12	15	18	16	9
Fields not elsewhere classified (nec)	8	6	7	6	8	6	4	7	7	3

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2021–12

All races	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012
All full-time students	4,918	4,595	4,503	4,298	4,044	4,185	4,209	4,233	4,181	4,194
Male	2,828	2,684	2,659	2,559	2,449	2,558	2,524	2,553	2,469	2,476
Female	2,090	1,911	1,844	1,739	1,595	1,627	1,685	1,680	1,712	1,718
U.S. citizens and permanent residents	2,590	2,542	2,301	2,258	2,083	2,102	2,135	2,231	2,275	2,296
Hispanic or Latino	272	227	207	201	190	145	144	134	133	111
Not Hispanic or Latino	2,267	2,246	2,020	2,005	1,841	1,872	1,940	2,028	2,061	2,144
American Indian or Alaska Native	3	2	5	3	2	6	1	4	3	7
Asian	202	209	170	169	147	127	133	121	140	132
Black or African American	137	109	105	88	84	83	90	87	90	98
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	1	1	0	0	0	1	3	1	2	5
White	1,811	1,809	1,640	1,666	1,539	1,638	1,679	1,765	1,787	1,868
More than one race	113	116	100	79	69	17	34	50	39	34
Unknown ethnicity and race	51	69	74	52	52	85	51	69	81	41
Temporary visa holders	2,328	2,053	2,202	2,040	1,961	2,083	2,074	2,002	1,906	1,898
Science and engineering	4,735	4,433	4,362	4,148	3,909	4,078	4,098	4,119	3,976	4,000
Science	3,115	2,951	2,923	2,752	2,581	2,641	2,673	2,699	2,584	2,610
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	135	141	143	155	156	172	193	179	166	149
Biological and biomedical sciences	689	641	634	602	548	566	594	569	561	590
Communication	.	.	.	.	.	99	90	99	95	93
Computer and information sciences	487	428	448	369	333	282	287	283	266	282
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	.	.	.	.	.	61	70	61	61	66
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences	147	137	129	125	123	152	153	155	155	153
Mathematics and statistics	221	214	203	193	195	185	172	163	151	151
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies	177	146	169	103	82	.	.	.	.	29
Natural resources and conservation	21	27	28	21	18	.	.	.	.	.
Neurobiology and neuroscience	.	.	.	.	.	47	33	32	28	32
Physical sciences	475	459	412	417	402	379	389	444	418	426
Psychology	299	297	258	275	271	233	231	260	235	223
Social sciences	464	461	499	492	453	465	461	454	448	416
Engineering	1,620	1,482	1,439	1,396	1,328	1,437	1,425	1,420	1,392	1,390
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	102	104	94	91	95	99	94	97	94	91
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	93	77	67	64	66	61	51	43	45	31
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	210	198	194	191	180	215	224	246	252	277
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	193	163	149	119	138	173	166	157	163	168
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	229	205	231	216	214	228	211	225	216	215
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	153	154	163	153	157	185	170	164	149	138
Mechanical engineering	217	214	191	200	178	193	202	181	186	169
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	194	177	177	187	160	160	150	148	123	131
Other engineering	229	190	173	175	140	123	157	159	164	170
Health	183	162	141	150	135	107	111	114	205	194
Clinical medicine	68	54	36	42	37	0	0	0	0	0
Other health	115	108	105	108	98	107	111	114	205	194

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2021–12

All races	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012
All part-time students	2,326	2,470	2,379	2,004	1,907	720	424	462	462	505
Male	1,518	1,636	1,580	1,343	1,314	406	272	277	263	316
Female	808	834	799	661	593	314	152	185	199	189
U.S. citizens and permanent residents	2,160	2,252	2,186	1,823	1,675	613	357	376	394	441
Hispanic or Latino	157	162	176	152	126	45	18	15	15	17
Not Hispanic or Latino	1,967	2,060	1,977	1,635	1,507	512	327	332	348	416
American Indian or Alaska Native	2	2	2	3	1	2	1	3	0	0
Asian	206	203	197	147	137	24	20	18	17	11
Black or African American	85	102	110	95	88	38	11	12	14	8
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	2	2	2	4	5	0	0	0	0	0
White	1,587	1,650	1,563	1,328	1,239	431	288	295	309	389
More than one race	85	101	103	58	37	17	7	4	8	8
Unknown ethnicity and race	36	30	33	36	42	56	12	29	31	8
Temporary visa holders	166	218	193	181	232	107	67	86	68	64
Science and engineering	2,294	2,410	2,334	1,975	1,870	703	407	451	400	447
Science	1,439	1,559	1,499	1,176	1,138	482	244	262	246	257
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	12	11	7	6	12	25	11	16	16	19
Biological and biomedical sciences	65	80	62	59	51	24	34	36	21	25
Communication	.	.	.	.	.	0	1	3	10	8
Computer and information sciences	268	342	441	465	455	41	29	35	40	41
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	.	.	.	.	.	0	0	0	0	0
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences	9	10	20	16	23	2	2	2	5	3
Mathematics and statistics	251	248	139	142	153	1	1	3	2	4
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies	349	383	346	20	16	.	.	.	.	2
Natural resources and conservation	7	7	6	8	7	.	.	.	.	.
Neurobiology and neuroscience	.	.	.	.	.	0	0	0	0	0
Physical sciences	52	41	39	43	40	12	24	10	14	14
Psychology	139	159	189	207	179	22	34	37	24	49
Social sciences	287	278	250	210	202	355	108	120	114	92
Engineering	855	851	835	799	732	221	163	189	154	190
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	12	7	12	10	14	19	16	10	8	15
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	8	2	4	5	4	1	0	2	1	2
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	5	6	9	18	20	20	18	13	15	5
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	81	75	67	64	89	16	11	11	10	17
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	227	245	267	260	237	9	6	24	7	5
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	289	302	279	235	193	32	27	30	33	27
Mechanical engineering	82	92	91	97	70	59	36	27	12	16
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	3	4	6	6	8	2	8	1	3	5
Other engineering	148	118	100	104	97	63	41	71	65	98
Health	32	60	45	29	37	17	17	11	62	58
Clinical medicine	23	51	30	19	24	0	0	0	0	0
Other health	9	9	15	10	13	17	17	11	62	58

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2021–12

Field	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012
All surveyed fields	1,329	1,018	978	1,024	980	931	1,063	1,046	1,114	1,167
Science and engineering	1,309	994	953	1,004	970	921	1,048	1,027	1,056	1,105
Science	657	622	604	596	583	605	681	662	673	740
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	24	31	28	28	57	13	17	21	19	25
Biological and biomedical sciences	197	197	188	201	180	129	160	169	169	194
Communication	.	.	.	.	.	1	1	1	0	0
Computer and information sciences	118	77	109	64	82	104	99	84	81	86
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	.	.	.	.	.	18	28	18	24	25
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences	82	46	49	42	32	94	86	84	88	87
Mathematics and statistics	22	18	16	25	7	13	13	8	9	14
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies	0	0	1	0	0	.	.	.	.	7
Natural resources and conservation	8	2	0	0	11	.	.	.	.	.
Neurobiology and neuroscience	.	.	.	.	.	9	7	8	5	6
Psychology	41	70	24	42	28	22	36	34	33	42
Physical sciences	130	158	131	125	126	162	195	195	191	192
Social sciences	35	23	58	69	60	40	39	40	54	62
Engineering	652	372	349	408	387	316	367	365	383	365
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	44	29	20	27	22	24	29	36	51	48
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	40	28	33	22	25	23	22	18	19	8
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	68	56	43	40	45	36	50	46	35	23
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	62	31	19	15	17	2	12	23	37	44
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	101	52	57	52	47	39	42	47	41	54
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	17	32	22	27	25	23	20	16	26	24
Mechanical engineering	86	95	56	89	75	64	79	66	71	37
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	167	0	67	96	89	70	63	70	56	74
Other engineering	67	49	32	40	42	35	50	43	47	53
Health	20	24	25	20	10	10	15	19	58	62
Clinical medicine	2	2	1	2	1	0	0	0	0	0
Other health	18	22	24	18	9	10	15	19	58	62

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2021–12

Type and primary source of support	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012
All types and sources of support	4,918	4,595	4,503	4,298	4,044	4,185	4,209	4,233	4,181	4,194
Fellowships	320	284	294	314	303	315	327	292	299	296
Federal	167	168	142	132	126	100	129	118	149	156
Institutional	138	86	139	170	150	188	183	159	127	107
Nonfederal	15	30	13	12	27	27	15	15	23	33
Research assistantships	2,312	2,065	1,939	1,940	1,774	1,981	1,971	2,035	2,011	2,120
Federal	1,126	840	815	868	848	822	907	909	935	991
Institutional	940	992	879	906	734	959	889	942	858	817
Nonfederal	246	233	245	166	192	200	175	184	218	312
Teaching assistantships	1,228	1,050	1,071	1,011	961	1,076	1,148	1,130	1,098	1,038
Federal	21	10	19	23	6	3	9	8	0	2
Institutional	1,168	1,033	1,042	946	938	1,066	1,138	1,114	1,094	1,035
Nonfederal	39	7	10	42	17	7	1	8	4	1
Other types of support	1,058	1,196	1,199	1,033	1,006	813	763	776	773	740
Federal	15	0	2	1	0	6	18	11	30	18
Institutional	14	9	16	17	10	68	69	72	57	45
Nonfederal	2	0	11	4	4	33	33	30	43	41
Personal resources	1,027	1,187	1,170	1,011	992	706	643	663	643	636

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2021–12

All races	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012
Science and engineering	346	512	379	374	363	431	403	422	433	457
Science	276	443	298	291	282	349	307	310	333	349
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	24	0	18	19	15	29	17	19	26	28
Biological and biomedical sciences	111	268	142	106	113	175	148	153	165	162
Communication	.	.	.	.	.	0	0	0	0	0
Computer and information sciences	2	3	3	6	7	20	23	18	15	19
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	.	.	.	.	.	0	0	0	0	0
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences	2	6	15	19	21	22	17	17	28	21
Mathematics and statistics	13	8	5	17	16	10	7	2	5	2
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies	2	19	11	14	8	.	.	.	.	1
Natural resources and conservation	11	0	7	7	7	.	.	.	.	.
Neurobiology and neuroscience	.	.	.	.	.	2	2	0	2	5
Physical sciences	85	97	54	64	64	72	69	81	73	93
Psychology	14	22	15	15	9	9	15	12	10	11
Social sciences	12	20	28	24	22	10	9	8	9	7
Engineering	70	69	81	83	81	82	96	112	100	108
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	4	5
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	13	10	9	10	12	14	11	8	7	2
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	9	11	9	14	17	11	18	20	16	17
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	14	14	11	7	7	7	7	22	24	35
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	8	9	8	9	10	9	16	15	14	9
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	0	2	1	1	0	1	3	2	1	0
Mechanical engineering	8	8	5	0	2	10	14	14	5	5
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	1	2	23	20	15	22	18	22	19	24
Other engineering	17	13	15	22	18	7	8	7	10	11
Health	2	50	33	27	36	30	33	34	42	44
Clinical medicine	2	47	26	0	23	29	28	22	33	36
Other health	0	3	7	27	13	1	5	12	9	8

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2021–12

Field	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012
All surveyed fields	206	309	300	238	210	271	290	305	307	314
Science and engineering	206	291	285	224	200	263	273	291	288	290
Science	151	243	229	179	147	221	211	221	222	232
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	10	0	13	13	11	8	15	15	16	21
Biological and biomedical sciences	57	149	93	65	64	108	90	105	105	97
Communication	.	.	.	.	.	0	0	0	0	0
Computer and information sciences	0	1	3	6	7	16	18	18	11	14
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	.	.	.	.	.	0	0	0	0	0
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences	2	6	14	13	12	18	16	15	24	20
Mathematics and statistics	6	3	2	4	2	8	3	2	4	1
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies	1	0	9	11	4	.	.	.	.	0
Natural resources and conservation	8	0	6	3	5	.	.	.	.	.
Neurobiology and neuroscience	.	.	.	.	.	1	1	0	1	4
Psychology	4	16	9	8	0	5	11	6	7	7
Physical sciences	58	60	47	42	34	53	55	54	53	67
Social sciences	5	8	33	14	8	4	2	6	1	1
Engineering	55	48	56	45	53	42	62	70	66	58
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	0	0	2	0	0	1	1	2	4	3
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	11	9	11	9	9	9	8	8	7	1
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	6	7	5	5	9	2	11	10	9	11
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	9	7	4	2	3	1	4	5	10	11
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	5	6	6	5	9	5	13	11	11	4
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Mechanical engineering	7	8	4	0	1	4	8	12	5	5
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	1	0	19	12	7	16	12	16	12	16
Other engineering	16	10	5	12	15	3	5	6	8	7
Health	0	18	15	14	10	8	17	14	19	24
Clinical medicine	0	17	8	0	6	8	13	8	15	19
Other health	0	1	7	14	4	0	4	6	4	5