U. California, Berkeley

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures Research space
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2024 5 99.1 459 16 97.6 631 32 96.7 925
2023 2 99.8 459 18 97.5 679 31 96.7 911 12 98.2 602
2022 3 99.6 457 15 98 680 31 96.7 900
2021 3 99.6 447 9 98.8 691 32 96.6 908 21 96.6 583
2020 4 99.3 450 11 98.6 698 30 96.9 916
2019 1 100 447 9 98.9 697 31 96.8 914 19 97 589
2018 2 99.8 428 8 99 700 29 97 911
2017 2 99.8 425 6 99.3 684 26 97.2 898 15 97.6 575
2016 4 99.3 430 9 98.9 697 26 97.2 896
2015 4 99.3 426 11 98.6 693 23 97.6 898 13 97.9 570
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2024–15
Fields 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All fields 806 834 830 787 796 864 852 798 793 812
  Science and engineering 676 707 708 661 637 696 692 654 630 637
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources 16 17 24 19 14 10 23 23 30 24
      Agricultural sciences 3 4 5 3 4 2 8 8 7 5
      Natural resources and conservation 13 13 19 16 10 8 15 15 23 19
    Biological and biomedical sciences 122 127 144 113 99 128 127 129 100 134
      Biochemistry and biophysics 8 10 16 16 14 15 17 22 12 17
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 12 14 9 3 6 1 4 4 5 4
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 13 9 10 10 6 9 7 9 5 8
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy 2 2 3 1 2 7 5 6 6 7
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 23 28 29 20 13 24 27 22 35 22
      Genetics and genomics 3 6 5 1 2 4 2 3 4 6
      Microbiology and immunology 15 9 19 11 17 26 11 14 3 17
      Molecular biology 22 15 17 19 14 18 13 20 12 20
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 11 11 17 9 11 10 21 15 5 17
      Pharmacology and toxicology 1 1 . 1 . 2 1 . . 2
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 1 2 2 5 5 3 4 7 3 2
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other 11 20 17 17 9 9 15 7 10 12
    Computer and information sciences 48 56 53 55 49 52 44 36 35 25
      Computer science 42 46 49 50 42 47 41 31 34 21
      Computer and information sciences, other 6 10 4 5 7 5 3 5 1 4
    Engineering 188 202 193 170 179 167 191 176 175 180
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering . . . . . . . . . .
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 7 14 15 17 15 20 18 13 13 19
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 24 24 14 14 19 14 14 20 17 14
      Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering 31 28 25 17 24 25 36 25 22 40
      Electrical and computer engineering 39 43 43 46 31 30 41 27 42 46
      Industrial engineering and operations research 9 10 6 8 16 4 15 3 10 4
      Materials and mining engineering 28 29 33 17 12 14 13 16 19 11
      Mechanical engineering 32 37 36 33 43 46 35 46 38 37
      Engineering, other 18 17 21 18 19 14 19 26 14 9
    Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 12 15 9 18 19 16 16 11 11 13
      Geological sciences 9 9 5 8 15 7 10 9 3 6
      Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences 3 6 4 10 4 9 6 2 8 7
    Health sciences 6 5 . 7 9 7 6 11 9 9
      Public health 5 5 . 6 8 5 6 8 8 7
      Health sciences, other 1 . . 1 1 2 . 3 1 2
    Mathematics and statistics 39 39 40 43 39 49 34 25 34 37
      Applied mathematics 4 9 9 8 4 7 2 6 5 6
      Mathematics 6 7 7 5 7 14 18 9 3 20
      Statistics 10 6 9 12 10 6 5 4 3 4
      Mathematics and statistics, other 19 17 15 18 18 22 9 6 23 7
    Physical sciences 119 117 113 103 118 130 114 116 100 87
      Astronomy and astrophysics 10 15 7 12 9 13 10 7 5 7
      Chemistry 68 67 70 52 63 71 68 75 56 50
      Physics 41 35 36 39 46 46 36 34 39 30
    Psychology 18 20 29 21 12 25 17 24 14 23
      Clinical psychology 4 4 3 6 3 6 3 6 4 3
      Counseling and applied psychology 1 . . . 1 . 1 1 . 2
      Research and experimental psychology 8 13 20 12 6 17 11 15 10 18
      Psychology, other 5 3 6 3 2 2 2 2 . .
    Social sciences 108 109 103 112 99 112 120 103 122 105
      Anthropology 6 5 10 10 9 12 10 9 9 13
      Economics 28 32 26 38 29 33 26 25 24 28
      Political science and government 14 7 17 13 15 16 11 20 22 13
      Public policy analysis 3 8 7 6 5 4 8 7 4 5
      Sociology, demography, and population studies 17 17 10 13 9 19 23 16 15 16
      Social sciences, other 40 40 33 32 32 28 42 26 48 30
  Non-science and engineering 130 127 122 126 159 168 160 144 163 175
    Business 7 17 8 10 10 12 12 13 16 12
      Business 7 17 8 10 10 12 12 13 16 12
    Education 18 20 20 19 34 34 21 28 27 25
      Education leadership and administration 1 1 1 . 2 2 . . 1 1
      Education research 9 8 9 7 20 19 13 16 13 10
      Teacher education and teaching fields 2 7 2 5 1 7 5 4 10 12
      Education, other 6 4 8 7 11 6 3 8 3 2
    Humanities and arts 82 81 75 73 98 93 108 86 102 119
      Letters 16 29 14 17 23 25 30 27 19 24
      Foreign languages and literature 19 15 15 15 16 19 17 16 26 26
      History 17 8 15 13 27 21 22 13 22 31
      Philosophy and religious studies 9 6 3 5 6 3 15 6 9 3
      Music and performing arts 6 6 10 9 14 5 7 11 9 14
      Humanities and arts, other 15 17 18 14 12 20 17 13 17 21
    Other non-science and engineering 23 9 19 24 17 29 19 17 18 19
      Communication . . . . . . . . 2 .
      Public administration and social services 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 3 2 9
      Non-science and engineering, other 18 5 16 19 13 26 14 14 14 10

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 3,840 3,721 3,938 4,194 3,870 3,924 3,922 3,978 3,824 3,863
    Hispanic or Latino 328 303 319 319 484 474 392 426 373 295
    Not Hispanic or Latino 3,381 3,259 3,415 3,620 3,124 3,104 3,026 3,097 3,002 3,028
      American Indian or Alaska Native 35 29 32 36 37 32 29 30 36 51
      Asian 1,446 1,378 1,338 1,377 992 911 841 822 749 721
      Black or African American 302 268 299 268 221 217 182 186 181 176
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 8 6 8 7 5 5 4 4 3 8
      White 1,590 1,578 1,738 1,932 1,869 1,939 1,970 2,055 2,033 2,072
      More than one race 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Unknown ethnicity and race 131 159 204 255 262 346 504 455 449 540
  Temporary visa holders 2,445 2,292 2,329 2,248 1,710 2,012 1,868 1,811 1,547 1,373
  Science and engineering 6,191 5,610 5,812 5,996 5,182 5,532 5,369 5,395 5,018 4,833
    Science 4,045 3,538 3,643 3,674 3,546 3,622 3,590 3,568 3,262 3,338
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 5 2 3 4 4 7 4 3 198 261
      Biological and biomedical sciences 956 773 788 815 785 775 760 776 672 672
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 533 479 481 448 377 389 380 373 245 239
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 45 50 51 51 50 51 63 60 0 67
      Mathematics and statistics 307 286 291 282 279 287 296 295 266 266
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 141 20 10 15 81 85 78 70 55 0
      Natural resources and conservation 306 236 277 299 218 245 248 238 0 0
      Physical sciences 875 857 869 883 844 839 789 797 729 672
      Psychology 76 84 86 93 95 100 105 101 101 99
      Social sciences 801 751 787 784 813 844 867 855 933 1,002
    Engineering 2,146 2,072 2,169 2,322 1,636 1,910 1,779 1,827 1,756 1,495
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 173 155 142 173 118 153 141 210 145 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 116 128 143 152 113 146 160 132 141 143
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 439 417 432 484 363 430 410 440 358 349
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 412 439 451 540 450 482 429 407 331 298
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 306 246 280 252 149 208 158 140 125 60
      Mechanical engineering 385 385 430 488 320 358 354 361 382 300
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 89
      Other engineering 315 302 291 233 123 133 127 137 159 256
    Health 94 403 455 446 398 404 421 394 353 403
      Clinical medicine 94 403 455 446 398 404 421 394 337 384
      Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 19

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 1,237 1,265 1,246 1,162 770 684 641 580 0 0
    Hispanic or Latino 96 95 109 95 81 56 31 31 0 0
    Not Hispanic or Latino 968 993 983 938 625 545 510 464 0 0
      American Indian or Alaska Native 4 4 6 5 9 4 4 2 0 0
      Asian 527 520 509 458 272 240 217 180 0 0
      Black or African American 88 91 79 77 49 29 26 18 0 0
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 7 5 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0
      White 342 373 386 395 295 272 263 264 0 0
      More than one race 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Unknown ethnicity and race 173 177 154 129 64 83 100 85 0 0
  Temporary visa holders 204 262 272 302 206 201 193 125 0 0
  Science and engineering 1,172 1,268 1,226 1,202 779 703 671 544 0 0
    Science 1,156 1,253 1,211 1,145 736 683 651 518 0 0
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 1,089 1,213 1,169 1,070 700 630 614 481 0 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 3 2 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0
      Psychology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Social sciences 64 38 41 74 34 51 37 37 0 0
    Engineering 16 15 15 57 43 20 20 26 0 0
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 1 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 2 2 33 22 13 17 24 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 11 10 11 14 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 2 1 0 3 20 7 3 2 0 0
    Health 269 259 292 262 197 182 163 161 0 0
      Clinical medicine 269 259 292 262 197 182 163 161 0 0
      Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields 690 656 731 918 1,580 1,513 1,423 1,148 1,327 1,369
  Science and engineering 690 644 724 908 1,560 1,495 1,398 1,117 1,293 1,329
    Science 484 441 521 669 1,150 1,090 1,008 821 908 935
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 29 53
      Biological and biomedical sciences 176 168 167 197 375 354 344 270 289 281
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 71 64 84 66 122 110 106 77 89 96
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 11 15 11 10 20 21 25 23 0 26
      Mathematics and statistics 23 12 20 23 52 54 60 45 43 42
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 3 0 0 0 25 20 16 15 14 0
      Natural resources and conservation 24 21 21 18 35 37 38 26 0 0
      Physical sciences 152 133 199 329 434 392 333 292 322 308
      Psychology 11 11 10 12 21 30 34 25 33 37
      Social sciences 13 17 8 14 66 71 51 48 55 56
    Engineering 206 203 203 239 410 405 390 296 385 394
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 13 15 8 19 42 45 38 31 35 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 9 11 16 32 56 53 50 24 36 39
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 25 32 28 29 55 53 48 39 53 49
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 77 66 80 74 127 116 113 91 115 111
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 5 5 2 6 3 7 4 0 3 7
      Mechanical engineering 40 41 42 42 67 61 72 50 62 64
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 34
      Other engineering 37 33 27 37 60 70 65 61 48 90
    Health 0 12 7 10 20 18 25 31 34 40
      Clinical medicine 0 12 7 10 20 18 25 31 31 34
      Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2024–15
Type and primary source of support 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All types and sources of support 6,285 6,013 6,267 6,442 5,580 5,936 5,790 5,789 5,371 5,236
  Fellowships 2,355 2,266 2,733 2,691 2,202 2,330 1,920 1,951 1,644 1,587
    Federal 36 32 28 0 644 672 594 339 533 602
    Institutional 2,181 2,091 2,541 2,644 1,297 1,397 1,090 1,384 936 767
    Nonfederal 138 143 164 47 261 261 236 228 175 218
  Research assistantships 1,578 1,560 1,543 1,729 1,698 1,608 1,554 1,516 1,479 1,415
    Federal 653 620 701 912 932 838 819 796 786 756
    Institutional 547 593 425 524 388 365 336 441 415 388
    Nonfederal 378 347 417 293 378 405 399 279 278 271
  Teaching assistantships 1,245 1,205 1,033 1,100 1,051 1,167 1,412 1,413 1,320 1,429
    Federal 1 4 2 6 4 3 1 2 0 2
    Institutional 1,242 1,198 1,030 1,092 1,046 1,161 1,409 1,410 1,320 1,426
    Nonfederal 2 3 1 2 1 3 2 1 0 1
  Other types of support 1,107 982 958 922 629 831 904 909 928 805
    Federal 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 11 8 9
    Institutional 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 17 11 5
    Nonfederal 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 1 1
    Personal resources 1,107 982 958 922 629 831 872 879 908 790

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  Science and engineering 1,379 1,282 1,434 1,467 1,198 1,358 1,175 1,112 760 1,136
    Science 1,056 1,010 1,146 1,171 907 1,004 892 831 578 834
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 33 53
      Biological and biomedical sciences 490 463 544 543 435 504 413 420 258 310
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 31 41 42 52 14 18 20 12 9 19
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 41 39 38 29 25 28 25 26 11 33
      Mathematics and statistics 37 34 42 69 25 28 19 13 7 27
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 8 6 3 3 9 8 5 8 12 1
      Natural resources and conservation 63 55 81 83 66 65 55 56 0 0
      Physical sciences 319 302 304 309 269 280 289 233 183 283
      Psychology 22 20 31 34 16 22 22 23 14 21
      Social sciences 45 50 61 49 48 51 44 39 25 49
    Engineering 323 272 288 296 291 354 283 281 182 302
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 12 7 7 7 4 7 7 3 6 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 34 29 26 28 21 26 27 25 23 47
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 58 51 50 40 51 54 34 36 17 30
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 70 63 39 22 7 10 7 5 8 100
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 2 1 1 5 5 2 0 0 0 3
      Mechanical engineering 27 21 18 16 9 9 7 7 5 38
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29
      Other engineering 120 100 147 178 194 246 201 205 123 55
    Health 34 26 30 42 35 39 33 34 35 48
      Clinical medicine 34 26 30 42 35 39 33 34 35 48
      Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields 618 567 695 634 515 584 461 440 313 568
  Science and engineering 605 554 678 616 502 568 446 419 286 536
    Science 488 449 563 518 396 433 343 330 218 385
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 20
      Biological and biomedical sciences 260 233 306 267 209 234 184 194 130 151
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 16 21 19 21 1 1 3 2 3 4
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 17 12 12 11 13 15 12 16 3 18
      Mathematics and statistics 9 9 17 24 11 15 8 4 3 8
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 2 0 0 0 2 3 1 1 1 0
      Natural resources and conservation 22 19 27 26 26 24 18 16 0 0
      Physical sciences 146 137 152 140 113 119 100 78 45 143
      Psychology 11 11 15 17 13 15 10 12 3 13
      Social sciences 5 7 15 12 8 7 7 6 1 6
    Engineering 117 105 115 98 106 135 103 89 68 151
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 2 2 1 0 2 2 4 0 1 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 20 11 13 10 7 13 5 11 0 27
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 23 22 23 11 15 18 11 7 4 9
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 26 30 19 11 1 2 3 0 2 48
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 2
      Mechanical engineering 6 6 7 7 2 0 0 0 1 14
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15
      Other engineering 40 34 52 58 78 99 80 71 60 36
    Health 13 13 17 18 13 16 15 21 27 32
      Clinical medicine 13 13 17 18 13 16 15 21 27 32
      Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  All R&D fields 1,126,782 1,076,754 981,035 846,872 840,000 802,931 796,505 770,822 774,255 788,505
    Science 818,658 779,881 699,736 595,136 587,010 551,462 547,022 535,267 549,437 563,061
      Computer and information sciences 15,865 15,434 12,736 9,583 12,701 12,125 10,454 10,339 9,899 7,014
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 10,869 11,609 8,644 7,857 9,845 9,429 11,473 9,783 10,487 10,019
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 32 10 5 2 34 13 0 19 21 20
        Geological and earth sciences 10,837 11,599 8,639 7,855 9,811 9,416 11,473 9,764 10,466 9,999
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Life sciences 309,357 290,429 275,739 264,394 258,228 239,459 234,055 224,599 212,963 211,287
        Agricultural sciences 7,265 6,615 5,372 5,134 5,506 5,966 5,435 5,953 62,909 62,493
        Biological and biomedical sciences 145,857 140,918 138,783 129,502 130,392 104,849 96,014 85,771 82,402 72,212
        Health sciences 73,655 64,238 60,240 58,481 55,230 61,002 65,785 71,943 67,652 76,582
        Natural resources and conservation 82,580 78,657 71,344 71,277 67,100 67,642 66,821 60,932 0 0
        Life sciences nec 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 10,358 11,060 9,474 8,067 8,263 8,177 8,376 6,402 7,496 7,763
      Physical sciences 242,156 234,242 196,281 156,896 141,434 130,895 130,883 143,095 158,628 169,149
        Astronomy and astrophysics 163,465 154,863 98,376 71,360 66,219 64,935 67,925 81,798 98,718 114,051
        Chemistry 53,218 55,719 49,390 41,402 36,326 30,743 32,164 31,246 31,346 31,324
        Materials science 0 198 104 79 63 1 2 28 0 0
        Physics 12,917 11,388 37,089 33,755 32,085 29,261 24,630 25,229 25,022 20,320
        Physical sciences nec 12,556 12,074 11,322 10,300 6,741 5,955 6,162 4,794 3,542 3,454
      Psychology 21,145 20,253 16,945 16,892 19,329 17,955 18,004 14,019 13,803 11,277
      Social sciences 100,851 87,836 73,560 56,908 60,568 61,374 58,150 52,879 50,639 52,303
        Anthropology 181 411 347 512 453 264 299 201 0 0
        Economics 42,756 38,399 32,985 29,543 31,706 27,775 26,673 24,234 23,659 27,059
        Political science and government 23,259 18,148 15,580 8,965 9,380 11,013 10,902 8,537 5,302 4,609
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 11,397 7,441 5,935 4,810 3,929 4,400 4,552 4,446 4,800 4,551
        Social sciences nec 23,258 23,437 18,713 13,078 15,100 17,922 15,724 15,461 16,878 16,084
      Sciences nec 108,057 109,018 106,357 74,539 76,642 72,048 75,627 74,151 85,522 94,249
    Engineering 216,013 209,311 206,541 199,711 209,293 200,122 200,668 189,550 185,049 185,078
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 317 160 160 217 228 98 203 561 367 340
      Chemical engineering 8,722 8,524 7,364 7,605 7,665 7,704 7,226 5,641 6,480 6,474
      Civil engineering 33,706 32,095 31,779 37,190 33,921 29,596 30,914 25,262 20,041 14,703
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 122,486 122,840 120,849 112,965 129,736 120,093 123,955 115,519 113,624 115,829
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 148 44 27 28 89 1 2 1 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 166 312 618 443 24 41 144 131 315 304
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 9,645 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
      Engineering nec 40,823 45,336 45,744 41,263 37,630 42,589 38,224 42,435 44,222 47,424
    Non-S&E 92,111 87,562 74,758 52,025 43,697 51,347 48,815 46,005 39,769 40,366
      Business management and business administration 25,342 23,571 21,356 17,030 12,957 14,871 13,124 12,922 9,560 8,250
      Communication and communications technologies 7,726 8,606 5,520 5,223 5,834 6,108 5,285 4,826 3,718 2,485
      Education 17,216 22,839 21,245 9,931 7,287 8,166 10,712 9,890 8,546 11,149
      Humanities 7,418 4,962 4,363 3,266 3,425 3,693 3,257 3,341 3,756 3,519
      Law 32,230 26,173 20,943 16,105 13,449 17,750 15,834 14,379 13,614 14,275
      Social work 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Visual and performing arts 918 581 622 470 745 759 603 647 575 688
      Non-S&E nec 1,261 830 709 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields 1,126,782 518,011 56,947 259,116 46,138 113,409 133,161
    Science 818,658 406,135 36,909 176,862 34,081 84,172 80,499
      Computer and information sciences 15,865 2,681 8 5,639 334 568 6,635
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 10,869 6,375 167 2,723 0 946 658
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 32 0 0 32 0 0 0
        Geological and earth sciences 10,837 6,375 167 2,691 0 946 658
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Life sciences 309,357 153,990 16,874 68,822 9,258 26,923 33,490
        Agricultural sciences 7,265 427 32 5,367 0 514 925
        Biological and biomedical sciences 145,857 81,848 2,215 20,642 6,767 16,221 18,164
        Health sciences 73,655 38,851 6,391 12,681 1,464 5,819 8,449
        Natural resources and conservation 82,580 32,864 8,236 30,132 1,027 4,369 5,952
        Life sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 10,358 6,619 0 1,462 268 1,777 232
      Physical sciences 242,156 158,385 8,136 31,912 18,542 17,316 7,865
        Astronomy and astrophysics 163,465 123,210 0 22,881 773 13,872 2,729
        Chemistry 53,218 26,802 2,386 6,913 10,064 2,391 4,662
        Materials science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Physics 12,917 4,171 0 328 7,705 490 223
        Physical sciences nec 12,556 4,202 5,750 1,790 0 563 251
      Psychology 21,145 8,568 956 4,932 0 3,837 2,852
      Social sciences 100,851 14,605 7,204 38,806 69 25,303 14,864
        Anthropology 181 51 0 107 0 9 14
        Economics 42,756 7,046 2,043 17,112 0 10,970 5,585
        Political science and government 23,259 1,393 1,317 7,974 15 9,886 2,674
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 11,397 2,645 3,200 3,628 54 1,536 334
        Social sciences nec 23,258 3,470 644 9,985 0 2,902 6,257
      Sciences nec 108,057 54,912 3,564 22,566 5,610 7,502 13,903
    Engineering 216,013 101,760 16,693 43,919 11,562 11,262 30,817
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 317 0 0 173 0 0 144
      Chemical engineering 8,722 3,991 5 1,198 1,930 231 1,367
      Civil engineering 33,706 7,932 11,554 9,884 554 2,383 1,399
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 122,486 69,673 1,392 17,774 4,188 7,236 22,223
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 148 31 0 117 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 166 0 0 87 0 0 79
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 9,645 5,622 0 912 2,562 200 349
      Engineering nec 40,823 14,511 3,742 13,774 2,328 1,212 5,256
    Non-S&E 92,111 10,116 3,345 38,335 495 17,975 21,845
      Business management and business administration 25,342 1,461 396 9,584 189 6,552 7,160
      Communication and communications technologies 7,726 758 0 2,352 0 2,766 1,850
      Education 17,216 5,310 1,315 6,149 221 3,610 611
      Humanities 7,418 809 15 3,161 0 801 2,632
      Law 32,230 1,778 1,578 16,188 85 3,393 9,208
      Social work 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Visual and performing arts 918 0 0 488 0 46 384
      Non-S&E nec 1,261 0 41 413 0 807 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Federal Agencies 518,011 496,298 468,542 354,478 349,989 347,601 329,464 330,339 341,807 346,262
  DOD 47,172 44,502 48,175 42,813 39,226 38,213 37,812 38,489 35,827 33,946
  DOE 55,107 51,123 45,902 42,232 43,606 42,917 36,382 32,549 28,357 19,137
  HHS 176,362 164,520 166,783 137,347 138,471 124,119 118,680 116,731 117,874 107,469
  NASA 97,901 100,825 74,073 41,499 38,006 37,109 32,170 41,120 56,480 69,122
  NSF 100,722 101,951 100,084 63,624 68,052 71,030 78,253 75,045 75,232 80,546
  USDA 5,781 3,722 3,904 3,468 3,129 3,686 3,859 4,762 4,474 4,669
  Other 34,966 29,655 29,621 23,495 19,499 30,527 22,308 21,643 23,563 31,373

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2024–18 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2024 . . . .
2023 . . . .
2022 . . . .
2021 . . . .
2020 . . . .
2019 9,575 1,144 8,431 .
2018 9,574 1,146 8,428 .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space 2,708 2,398 2,408 2,484 2,551
    Agricultural sciences 74 25 0 0 8
    Biological and biomedical sciences 722 649 724 666 680
    Computer and information sciences 80 22 22 19 19
    Engineering 612 559 572 587 633
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 72 72 72 73 76
    Health sciences 58 90 92 112 130
    Mathematics and statistics 36 34 39 37 38
    Natural resources and conservation 288 190 209 191 175
    Physical sciences 387 377 378 382 401
    Psychology 44 44 44 50 58
    Social sciences 219 219 217 258 245
    Other 117 117 38 109 89

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 178,800 0 44,253 0 60,000
    Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Biological and biomedical sciences 0 0 44,253 0 0
    Computer and information sciences 178,800 0 0 0 0
    Engineering 0 0 0 0 0
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Health sciences 0 0 0 0 24,000
    Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0
    Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0
    Physical sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Psychology 0 0 0 0 36,000
    Social sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Other 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 128,500 65,612 43,300 44,000 35,450
    Agricultural sciences 0 6,250 0 0 0
    Biological and biomedical sciences 19,600 37,732 19,600 5,500 14,300
    Computer and information sciences 0 1,485 1,600 0 0
    Engineering 11,400 6,325 1,100 1,000 3,700
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 0 0 400 300 750
    Health sciences 34,000 1,185 3,300 3,000 2,400
    Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0
    Natural resources and conservation 43,500 750 6,000 23,900 4,000
    Physical sciences 6,500 300 8,700 8,000 9,800
    Psychology 0 0 0 0 0
    Social sciences 13,000 8,585 400 300 500
    Other 500 3,000 2,200 2,000 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

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