U. California, Berkeley

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures Research space
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2024 5 99.1 459 16 97.6 631 32 96.7 925
2023 2 99.8 459 18 97.5 679 31 96.7 911 12 98.2 602
2022 3 99.6 457 15 98 680 31 96.7 900
2021 3 99.6 447 9 98.8 691 32 96.6 908 21 96.6 583
2020 4 99.3 450 11 98.6 698 30 96.9 916
2019 1 100 447 9 98.9 697 31 96.8 914 19 97 589
2018 2 99.8 428 8 99 700 29 97 911
2017 2 99.8 425 6 99.3 684 26 97.2 898 15 97.6 575
2016 4 99.3 430 9 98.9 697 26 97.2 896
2015 4 99.3 426 11 98.6 693 23 97.6 898 13 97.9 570
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2024–15
Fields 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All fields 806 834 830 787 796 864 852 798 793 812
  Science and engineering 676 707 708 661 637 696 692 654 630 637
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources 16 17 24 19 14 10 23 23 30 24
      Agricultural sciences 3 4 5 3 4 2 8 8 7 5
      Natural resources and conservation 13 13 19 16 10 8 15 15 23 19
    Biological and biomedical sciences 122 127 144 113 99 128 127 129 100 134
      Biochemistry and biophysics 8 10 16 16 14 15 17 22 12 17
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 12 14 9 3 6 1 4 4 5 4
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 13 9 10 10 6 9 7 9 5 8
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy 2 2 3 1 2 7 5 6 6 7
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 23 28 29 20 13 24 27 22 35 22
      Genetics and genomics 3 6 5 1 2 4 2 3 4 6
      Microbiology and immunology 15 9 19 11 17 26 11 14 3 17
      Molecular biology 22 15 17 19 14 18 13 20 12 20
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 11 11 17 9 11 10 21 15 5 17
      Pharmacology and toxicology 1 1 . 1 . 2 1 . . 2
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 1 2 2 5 5 3 4 7 3 2
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other 11 20 17 17 9 9 15 7 10 12
    Computer and information sciences 48 56 53 55 49 52 44 36 35 25
      Computer science 42 46 49 50 42 47 41 31 34 21
      Computer and information sciences, other 6 10 4 5 7 5 3 5 1 4
    Engineering 188 202 193 170 179 167 191 176 175 180
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering . . . . . . . . . .
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 7 14 15 17 15 20 18 13 13 19
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 24 24 14 14 19 14 14 20 17 14
      Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering 31 28 25 17 24 25 36 25 22 40
      Electrical and computer engineering 39 43 43 46 31 30 41 27 42 46
      Industrial engineering and operations research 9 10 6 8 16 4 15 3 10 4
      Materials and mining engineering 28 29 33 17 12 14 13 16 19 11
      Mechanical engineering 32 37 36 33 43 46 35 46 38 37
      Engineering, other 18 17 21 18 19 14 19 26 14 9
    Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 12 15 9 18 19 16 16 11 11 13
      Geological sciences 9 9 5 8 15 7 10 9 3 6
      Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences 3 6 4 10 4 9 6 2 8 7
    Health sciences 6 5 . 7 9 7 6 11 9 9
      Public health 5 5 . 6 8 5 6 8 8 7
      Health sciences, other 1 . . 1 1 2 . 3 1 2
    Mathematics and statistics 39 39 40 43 39 49 34 25 34 37
      Applied mathematics 4 9 9 8 4 7 2 6 5 6
      Mathematics 6 7 7 5 7 14 18 9 3 20
      Statistics 10 6 9 12 10 6 5 4 3 4
      Mathematics and statistics, other 19 17 15 18 18 22 9 6 23 7
    Physical sciences 119 117 113 103 118 130 114 116 100 87
      Astronomy and astrophysics 10 15 7 12 9 13 10 7 5 7
      Chemistry 68 67 70 52 63 71 68 75 56 50
      Physics 41 35 36 39 46 46 36 34 39 30
    Psychology 18 20 29 21 12 25 17 24 14 23
      Clinical psychology 4 4 3 6 3 6 3 6 4 3
      Counseling and applied psychology 1 . . . 1 . 1 1 . 2
      Research and experimental psychology 8 13 20 12 6 17 11 15 10 18
      Psychology, other 5 3 6 3 2 2 2 2 . .
    Social sciences 108 109 103 112 99 112 120 103 122 105
      Anthropology 6 5 10 10 9 12 10 9 9 13
      Economics 28 32 26 38 29 33 26 25 24 28
      Political science and government 14 7 17 13 15 16 11 20 22 13
      Public policy analysis 3 8 7 6 5 4 8 7 4 5
      Sociology, demography, and population studies 17 17 10 13 9 19 23 16 15 16
      Social sciences, other 40 40 33 32 32 28 42 26 48 30
  Non-science and engineering 130 127 122 126 159 168 160 144 163 175
    Business 7 17 8 10 10 12 12 13 16 12
      Business 7 17 8 10 10 12 12 13 16 12
    Education 18 20 20 19 34 34 21 28 27 25
      Education leadership and administration 1 1 1 . 2 2 . . 1 1
      Education research 9 8 9 7 20 19 13 16 13 10
      Teacher education and teaching fields 2 7 2 5 1 7 5 4 10 12
      Education, other 6 4 8 7 11 6 3 8 3 2
    Humanities and arts 82 81 75 73 98 93 108 86 102 119
      Letters 16 29 14 17 23 25 30 27 19 24
      Foreign languages and literature 19 15 15 15 16 19 17 16 26 26
      History 17 8 15 13 27 21 22 13 22 31
      Philosophy and religious studies 9 6 3 5 6 3 15 6 9 3
      Music and performing arts 6 6 10 9 14 5 7 11 9 14
      Humanities and arts, other 15 17 18 14 12 20 17 13 17 21
    Other non-science and engineering 23 9 19 24 17 29 19 17 18 19
      Communication . . . . . . . . 2 .
      Public administration and social services 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 3 2 9
      Non-science and engineering, other 18 5 16 19 13 26 14 14 14 10

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents   3,840   3,721   3,938   4,194   3,870   3,924   3,922   3,978   3,824   3,863
    Hispanic or Latino   328   303   319   319   484   474   392   426   373   295
    Not Hispanic or Latino   3,381   3,259   3,415   3,620   3,124   3,104   3,026   3,097   3,002   3,028
      American Indian or Alaska Native   35   29   32   36   37   32   29   30   36   51
      Asian   1,446   1,378   1,338   1,377   992   911   841   822   749   721
      Black or African American   302   268   299   268   221   217   182   186   181   176
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander   8   6   8   7   5   5   4   4   3   8
      White   1,590   1,578   1,738   1,932   1,869   1,939   1,970   2,055   2,033   2,072
      More than one race   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Unknown ethnicity and race   131   159   204   255   262   346   504   455   449   540
  Temporary visa holders   2,445   2,292   2,329   2,248   1,710   2,012   1,868   1,811   1,547   1,373
  Science and engineering   6,191   5,610   5,812   5,996   5,182   5,532   5,369   5,395   5,018   4,833
    Science   4,045   3,538   3,643   3,674   3,546   3,622   3,590   3,568   3,262   3,338
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   5   2   3   4   4   7   4   3   198   261
      Biological and biomedical sciences   956   773   788   815   785   775   760   776   672   672
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   533   479   481   448   377   389   380   373   245   239
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   45   50   51   51   50   51   63   60   0   67
      Mathematics and statistics   307   286   291   282   279   287   296   295   266   266
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   141   20   10   15   81   85   78   70   55   0
      Natural resources and conservation   306   236   277   299   218   245   248   238   0   0
      Physical sciences   875   857   869   883   844   839   789   797   729   672
      Psychology   76   84   86   93   95   100   105   101   101   99
      Social sciences   801   751   787   784   813   844   867   855   933   1,002
    Engineering   2,146   2,072   2,169   2,322   1,636   1,910   1,779   1,827   1,756   1,495
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   173   155   142   173   118   153   141   210   145   0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   116   128   143   152   113   146   160   132   141   143
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   439   417   432   484   363   430   410   440   358   349
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   412   439   451   540   450   482   429   407   331   298
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   306   246   280   252   149   208   158   140   125   60
      Mechanical engineering   385   385   430   488   320   358   354   361   382   300
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   115   89
      Other engineering   315   302   291   233   123   133   127   137   159   256
    Health   94   403   455   446   398   404   421   394   353   403
      Clinical medicine   94   403   455   446   398   404   421   394   337   384
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   16   19

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents   1,237   1,265   1,246   1,162   770   684   641   580   0   0
    Hispanic or Latino   96   95   109   95   81   56   31   31   0   0
    Not Hispanic or Latino   968   993   983   938   625   545   510   464   0   0
      American Indian or Alaska Native   4   4   6   5   9   4   4   2   0   0
      Asian   527   520   509   458   272   240   217   180   0   0
      Black or African American   88   91   79   77   49   29   26   18   0   0
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander   7   5   3   3   0   0   0   0   0   0
      White   342   373   386   395   295   272   263   264   0   0
      More than one race   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Unknown ethnicity and race   173   177   154   129   64   83   100   85   0   0
  Temporary visa holders   204   262   272   302   206   201   193   125   0   0
  Science and engineering   1,172   1,268   1,226   1,202   779   703   671   544   0   0
    Science   1,156   1,253   1,211   1,145   736   683   651   518   0   0
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological and biomedical sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   1,089   1,213   1,169   1,070   700   630   614   481   0   0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   3   2   1   1   2   2   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social sciences   64   38   41   74   34   51   37   37   0   0
    Engineering   16   15   15   57   43   20   20   26   0   0
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   0   0   0   2   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   2   2   1   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   1   0   1   5   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   2   2   33   22   13   17   24   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   11   10   11   14   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other engineering   2   1   0   3   20   7   3   2   0   0
    Health   269   259   292   262   197   182   163   161   0   0
      Clinical medicine   269   259   292   262   197   182   163   161   0   0
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields   690   656   731   918   1,580   1,513   1,423   1,148   1,327   1,369
  Science and engineering   690   644   724   908   1,560   1,495   1,398   1,117   1,293   1,329
    Science   484   441   521   669   1,150   1,090   1,008   821   908   935
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   1   0   0   1   1   0   29   53
      Biological and biomedical sciences   176   168   167   197   375   354   344   270   289   281
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   71   64   84   66   122   110   106   77   89   96
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   11   15   11   10   20   21   25   23   0   26
      Mathematics and statistics   23   12   20   23   52   54   60   45   43   42
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   3   0   0   0   25   20   16   15   14   0
      Natural resources and conservation   24   21   21   18   35   37   38   26   0   0
      Physical sciences   152   133   199   329   434   392   333   292   322   308
      Psychology   11   11   10   12   21   30   34   25   33   37
      Social sciences   13   17   8   14   66   71   51   48   55   56
    Engineering   206   203   203   239   410   405   390   296   385   394
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   13   15   8   19   42   45   38   31   35   0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   9   11   16   32   56   53   50   24   36   39
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   25   32   28   29   55   53   48   39   53   49
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   77   66   80   74   127   116   113   91   115   111
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   5   5   2   6   3   7   4   0   3   7
      Mechanical engineering   40   41   42   42   67   61   72   50   62   64
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   33   34
      Other engineering   37   33   27   37   60   70   65   61   48   90
    Health   0   12   7   10   20   18   25   31   34   40
      Clinical medicine   0   12   7   10   20   18   25   31   31   34
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   3   6

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2024–15
Type and primary source of support 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All types and sources of support   6,285   6,013   6,267   6,442   5,580   5,936   5,790   5,789   5,371   5,236
  Fellowships   2,355   2,266   2,733   2,691   2,202   2,330   1,920   1,951   1,644   1,587
    Federal   36   32   28   0   644   672   594   339   533   602
    Institutional   2,181   2,091   2,541   2,644   1,297   1,397   1,090   1,384   936   767
    Nonfederal   138   143   164   47   261   261   236   228   175   218
  Research assistantships   1,578   1,560   1,543   1,729   1,698   1,608   1,554   1,516   1,479   1,415
    Federal   653   620   701   912   932   838   819   796   786   756
    Institutional   547   593   425   524   388   365   336   441   415   388
    Nonfederal   378   347   417   293   378   405   399   279   278   271
  Teaching assistantships   1,245   1,205   1,033   1,100   1,051   1,167   1,412   1,413   1,320   1,429
    Federal   1   4   2   6   4   3   1   2   0   2
    Institutional   1,242   1,198   1,030   1,092   1,046   1,161   1,409   1,410   1,320   1,426
    Nonfederal   2   3   1   2   1   3   2   1   0   1
  Other types of support   1,107   982   958   922   629   831   904   909   928   805
    Federal   0   0   0   0   0   0   9   11   8   9
    Institutional   0   0   0   0   0   0   19   17   11   5
    Nonfederal   0   0   0   0   0   0   4   2   1   1
    Personal resources   1,107   982   958   922   629   831   872   879   908   790

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  Science and engineering   1,379   1,282   1,434   1,467   1,198   1,358   1,175   1,112   760   1,136
    Science   1,056   1,010   1,146   1,171   907   1,004   892   831   578   834
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   33   53
      Biological and biomedical sciences   490   463   544   543   435   504   413   420   258   310
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   31   41   42   52   14   18   20   12   9   19
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   41   39   38   29   25   28   25   26   11   33
      Mathematics and statistics   37   34   42   69   25   28   19   13   7   27
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   8   6   3   3   9   8   5   8   12   1
      Natural resources and conservation   63   55   81   83   66   65   55   56   0   0
      Physical sciences   319   302   304   309   269   280   289   233   183   283
      Psychology   22   20   31   34   16   22   22   23   14   21
      Social sciences   45   50   61   49   48   51   44   39   25   49
    Engineering   323   272   288   296   291   354   283   281   182   302
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   12   7   7   7   4   7   7   3   6   0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   34   29   26   28   21   26   27   25   23   47
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   58   51   50   40   51   54   34   36   17   30
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   70   63   39   22   7   10   7   5   8   100
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   2   1   1   5   5   2   0   0   0   3
      Mechanical engineering   27   21   18   16   9   9   7   7   5   38
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   29
      Other engineering   120   100   147   178   194   246   201   205   123   55
    Health   34   26   30   42   35   39   33   34   35   48
      Clinical medicine   34   26   30   42   35   39   33   34   35   48
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields   618   567   695   634   515   584   461   440   313   568
  Science and engineering   605   554   678   616   502   568   446   419   286   536
    Science   488   449   563   518   396   433   343   330   218   385
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   7   20
      Biological and biomedical sciences   260   233   306   267   209   234   184   194   130   151
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   16   21   19   21   1   1   3   2   3   4
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   17   12   12   11   13   15   12   16   3   18
      Mathematics and statistics   9   9   17   24   11   15   8   4   3   8
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   2   0   0   0   2   3   1   1   1   0
      Natural resources and conservation   22   19   27   26   26   24   18   16   0   0
      Physical sciences   146   137   152   140   113   119   100   78   45   143
      Psychology   11   11   15   17   13   15   10   12   3   13
      Social sciences   5   7   15   12   8   7   7   6   1   6
    Engineering   117   105   115   98   106   135   103   89   68   151
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   2   2   1   0   2   2   4   0   1   0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   20   11   13   10   7   13   5   11   0   27
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   23   22   23   11   15   18   11   7   4   9
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   26   30   19   11   1   2   3   0   2   48
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   1   1   1   0   0   0   2
      Mechanical engineering   6   6   7   7   2   0   0   0   1   14
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   15
      Other engineering   40   34   52   58   78   99   80   71   60   36
    Health   13   13   17   18   13   16   15   21   27   32
      Clinical medicine   13   13   17   18   13   16   15   21   27   32
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  All R&D fields   1,126,782   1,076,754   981,035   846,872   840,000   802,931   796,505   770,822   774,255   788,505
    Science   818,658   779,881   699,736   595,136   587,010   551,462   547,022   535,267   549,437   563,061
      Computer and information sciences   15,865   15,434   12,736   9,583   12,701   12,125   10,454   10,339   9,899   7,014
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   10,869   11,609   8,644   7,857   9,845   9,429   11,473   9,783   10,487   10,019
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   32   10   5   2   34   13   0   19   21   20
        Geological and earth sciences   10,837   11,599   8,639   7,855   9,811   9,416   11,473   9,764   10,466   9,999
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Life sciences   309,357   290,429   275,739   264,394   258,228   239,459   234,055   224,599   212,963   211,287
        Agricultural sciences   7,265   6,615   5,372   5,134   5,506   5,966   5,435   5,953   62,909   62,493
        Biological and biomedical sciences   145,857   140,918   138,783   129,502   130,392   104,849   96,014   85,771   82,402   72,212
        Health sciences   73,655   64,238   60,240   58,481   55,230   61,002   65,785   71,943   67,652   76,582
        Natural resources and conservation   82,580   78,657   71,344   71,277   67,100   67,642   66,821   60,932   0   0
        Life sciences nec   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mathematics and statistics   10,358   11,060   9,474   8,067   8,263   8,177   8,376   6,402   7,496   7,763
      Physical sciences   242,156   234,242   196,281   156,896   141,434   130,895   130,883   143,095   158,628   169,149
        Astronomy and astrophysics   163,465   154,863   98,376   71,360   66,219   64,935   67,925   81,798   98,718   114,051
        Chemistry   53,218   55,719   49,390   41,402   36,326   30,743   32,164   31,246   31,346   31,324
        Materials science   0   198   104   79   63   1   2   28   0   0
        Physics   12,917   11,388   37,089   33,755   32,085   29,261   24,630   25,229   25,022   20,320
        Physical sciences nec   12,556   12,074   11,322   10,300   6,741   5,955   6,162   4,794   3,542   3,454
      Psychology   21,145   20,253   16,945   16,892   19,329   17,955   18,004   14,019   13,803   11,277
      Social sciences   100,851   87,836   73,560   56,908   60,568   61,374   58,150   52,879   50,639   52,303
        Anthropology   181   411   347   512   453   264   299   201   0   0
        Economics   42,756   38,399   32,985   29,543   31,706   27,775   26,673   24,234   23,659   27,059
        Political science and government   23,259   18,148   15,580   8,965   9,380   11,013   10,902   8,537   5,302   4,609
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   11,397   7,441   5,935   4,810   3,929   4,400   4,552   4,446   4,800   4,551
        Social sciences nec   23,258   23,437   18,713   13,078   15,100   17,922   15,724   15,461   16,878   16,084
      Sciences nec   108,057   109,018   106,357   74,539   76,642   72,048   75,627   74,151   85,522   94,249
    Engineering   216,013   209,311   206,541   199,711   209,293   200,122   200,668   189,550   185,049   185,078
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   317   160   160   217   228   98   203   561   367   340
      Chemical engineering   8,722   8,524   7,364   7,605   7,665   7,704   7,226   5,641   6,480   6,474
      Civil engineering   33,706   32,095   31,779   37,190   33,921   29,596   30,914   25,262   20,041   14,703
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   122,486   122,840   120,849   112,965   129,736   120,093   123,955   115,519   113,624   115,829
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   148   44   27   28   89   1   2   1   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   166   312   618   443   24   41   144   131   315   304
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   9,645   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   4
      Engineering nec   40,823   45,336   45,744   41,263   37,630   42,589   38,224   42,435   44,222   47,424
    Non-S&E   92,111   87,562   74,758   52,025   43,697   51,347   48,815   46,005   39,769   40,366
      Business management and business administration   25,342   23,571   21,356   17,030   12,957   14,871   13,124   12,922   9,560   8,250
      Communication and communications technologies   7,726   8,606   5,520   5,223   5,834   6,108   5,285   4,826   3,718   2,485
      Education   17,216   22,839   21,245   9,931   7,287   8,166   10,712   9,890   8,546   11,149
      Humanities   7,418   4,962   4,363   3,266   3,425   3,693   3,257   3,341   3,756   3,519
      Law   32,230   26,173   20,943   16,105   13,449   17,750   15,834   14,379   13,614   14,275
      Social work   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   918   581   622   470   745   759   603   647   575   688
      Non-S&E nec   1,261   830   709   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields   1,126,782   518,011   56,947   259,116   46,138   113,409   133,161
    Science   818,658   406,135   36,909   176,862   34,081   84,172   80,499
      Computer and information sciences   15,865   2,681   8   5,639   334   568   6,635
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   10,869   6,375   167   2,723   0   946   658
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   32   0   0   32   0   0   0
        Geological and earth sciences   10,837   6,375   167   2,691   0   946   658
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Life sciences   309,357   153,990   16,874   68,822   9,258   26,923   33,490
        Agricultural sciences   7,265   427   32   5,367   0   514   925
        Biological and biomedical sciences   145,857   81,848   2,215   20,642   6,767   16,221   18,164
        Health sciences   73,655   38,851   6,391   12,681   1,464   5,819   8,449
        Natural resources and conservation   82,580   32,864   8,236   30,132   1,027   4,369   5,952
        Life sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mathematics and statistics   10,358   6,619   0   1,462   268   1,777   232
      Physical sciences   242,156   158,385   8,136   31,912   18,542   17,316   7,865
        Astronomy and astrophysics   163,465   123,210   0   22,881   773   13,872   2,729
        Chemistry   53,218   26,802   2,386   6,913   10,064   2,391   4,662
        Materials science   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Physics   12,917   4,171   0   328   7,705   490   223
        Physical sciences nec   12,556   4,202   5,750   1,790   0   563   251
      Psychology   21,145   8,568   956   4,932   0   3,837   2,852
      Social sciences   100,851   14,605   7,204   38,806   69   25,303   14,864
        Anthropology   181   51   0   107   0   9   14
        Economics   42,756   7,046   2,043   17,112   0   10,970   5,585
        Political science and government   23,259   1,393   1,317   7,974   15   9,886   2,674
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   11,397   2,645   3,200   3,628   54   1,536   334
        Social sciences nec   23,258   3,470   644   9,985   0   2,902   6,257
      Sciences nec   108,057   54,912   3,564   22,566   5,610   7,502   13,903
    Engineering   216,013   101,760   16,693   43,919   11,562   11,262   30,817
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   317   0   0   173   0   0   144
      Chemical engineering   8,722   3,991   5   1,198   1,930   231   1,367
      Civil engineering   33,706   7,932   11,554   9,884   554   2,383   1,399
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   122,486   69,673   1,392   17,774   4,188   7,236   22,223
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   148   31   0   117   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   166   0   0   87   0   0   79
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   9,645   5,622   0   912   2,562   200   349
      Engineering nec   40,823   14,511   3,742   13,774   2,328   1,212   5,256
    Non-S&E   92,111   10,116   3,345   38,335   495   17,975   21,845
      Business management and business administration   25,342   1,461   396   9,584   189   6,552   7,160
      Communication and communications technologies   7,726   758   0   2,352   0   2,766   1,850
      Education   17,216   5,310   1,315   6,149   221   3,610   611
      Humanities   7,418   809   15   3,161   0   801   2,632
      Law   32,230   1,778   1,578   16,188   85   3,393   9,208
      Social work   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   918   0   0   488   0   46   384
      Non-S&E nec   1,261   0   41   413   0   807   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Federal Agencies   518,011   496,298   468,542   354,478   349,989   347,601   329,464   330,339   341,807   346,262
  DOD   47,172   44,502   48,175   42,813   39,226   38,213   37,812   38,489   35,827   33,946
  DOE   55,107   51,123   45,902   42,232   43,606   42,917   36,382   32,549   28,357   19,137
  HHS   176,362   164,520   166,783   137,347   138,471   124,119   118,680   116,731   117,874   107,469
  NASA   97,901   100,825   74,073   41,499   38,006   37,109   32,170   41,120   56,480   69,122
  NSF   100,722   101,951   100,084   63,624   68,052   71,030   78,253   75,045   75,232   80,546
  USDA   5,781   3,722   3,904   3,468   3,129   3,686   3,859   4,762   4,474   4,669
  Other   34,966   29,655   29,621   23,495   19,499   30,527   22,308   21,643   23,563   31,373

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2024–18 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2024   .   .   .   .
2023   .   .   .   .
2022   .   .   .   .
2021   .   .   .   .
2020   .   .   .   .
2019   9,575   1,144   8,431   .
2018   9,574   1,146   8,428   .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space   2,708   2,398   2,408   2,484   2,551
    Agricultural sciences   74   25   0   0   8
    Biological and biomedical sciences   722   649   724   666   680
    Computer and information sciences   80   22   22   19   19
    Engineering   612   559   572   587   633
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   72   72   72   73   76
    Health sciences   58   90   92   112   130
    Mathematics and statistics   36   34   39   37   38
    Natural resources and conservation   288   190   209   191   175
    Physical sciences   387   377   378   382   401
    Psychology   44   44   44   50   58
    Social sciences   219   219   217   258   245
    Other   117   117   38   109   89

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space   178,800   0   44,253   0   60,000
    Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   0   0   44,253   0   0
    Computer and information sciences   178,800   0   0   0   0
    Engineering   0   0   0   0   0
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Health sciences   0   0   0   0   24,000
    Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0
    Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0
    Physical sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Psychology   0   0   0   0   36,000
    Social sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Other   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space   128,500   65,612   43,300   44,000   35,450
    Agricultural sciences   0   6,250   0   0   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   19,600   37,732   19,600   5,500   14,300
    Computer and information sciences   0   1,485   1,600   0   0
    Engineering   11,400   6,325   1,100   1,000   3,700
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   0   0   400   300   750
    Health sciences   34,000   1,185   3,300   3,000   2,400
    Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0
    Natural resources and conservation   43,500   750   6,000   23,900   4,000
    Physical sciences   6,500   300   8,700   8,000   9,800
    Psychology   0   0   0   0   0
    Social sciences   13,000   8,585   400   300   500
    Other   500   3,000   2,200   2,000   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

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