U. Pennsylvania

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2023 31 93.5 459 58 91.7 679 30 95.2 602 3 99.8 914
2022 24 95 457 57 91.8 680 3 99.8 900
2021 28 94 447 57 92 691 29 95.2 583 4 99.7 908
2020 30 93.6 450 51 92.9 698 4 99.7 916
2019 30 93.6 447 60 91.6 697 28 95.4 589 4 99.7 914
2018 29 93.5 428 59 91.8 700 4 99.7 911
2017 27 93.9 425 57 91.9 684 31 94.8 575 4 99.7 898
2016 31 93.1 430 49 93.2 697 3 99.8 896
2015 25 94.4 426 42 94.1 693 30 95 570 17 98.2 898
2014 32 92.7 422 42 94.1 688 18 98.1 889
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2023–14
Fields 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All fields 508 516 455 468 450 448 488 464 481 452
  Science and engineering 400 408 351 353 318 314 352 352 362 342
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources . . . . . 1 . . 2 1
      Agricultural sciences . . . . . 1 . . 2 .
      Natural resources and conservation . . . . . . . . . 1
    Biological and biomedical sciences 156 143 120 112 106 106 129 132 124 137
      Biochemistry and biophysics 6 9 8 16 14 10 20 9 9 20
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 12 17 8 14 10 11 14 18 9 6
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 20 15 10 8 4 9 10 10 5 11
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy 1 2 4 6 4 7 8 8 15 12
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 5 7 5 8 3 2 5 7 5 4
      Genetics and genomics 9 6 7 3 6 8 7 7 2 6
      Microbiology and immunology 21 12 23 15 18 11 26 25 21 30
      Molecular biology 35 31 27 13 14 10 13 9 13 10
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 26 21 12 11 12 20 14 24 27 23
      Pharmacology and toxicology 10 12 7 9 8 8 6 4 8 9
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 8 11 6 8 12 8 4 8 9 6
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other 3 . 3 1 1 2 2 3 1 .
    Computer and information sciences 22 17 15 18 15 19 14 13 12 14
      Computer science 10 8 8 10 12 7 9 8 9 10
      Computer and information sciences, other 12 9 7 8 3 12 5 5 3 4
    Engineering 71 75 53 56 47 53 53 56 63 35
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 21 21 17 13 12 15 14 13 24 13
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 12 15 8 14 6 11 12 10 10 5
      Electrical and computer engineering 11 5 11 10 3 8 9 5 7 4
      Industrial engineering and operations research 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 . .
      Materials and mining engineering 9 12 4 9 7 8 6 14 9 4
      Mechanical engineering 12 18 9 8 17 9 10 11 11 7
      Engineering, other 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
    Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 1 . 2 2 5 . 1 1 3 2
      Geological sciences 1 . 2 2 4 . 1 1 3 2
      Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences . . . . 1 . . . . .
    Health sciences 8 10 19 17 12 16 16 9 14 12
      Nursing science 7 9 18 17 9 13 14 8 13 11
      Public health . . . . 1 1 2 . 1 .
      Health sciences, other 1 1 1 . 2 2 . 1 . 1
    Mathematics and statistics 18 18 19 20 13 10 19 15 10 31
      Applied mathematics 3 3 5 6 1 2 4 . 1 3
      Mathematics 2 2 1 1 3 1 5 3 2 14
      Statistics 7 5 4 4 4 2 9 2 5 9
      Mathematics and statistics, other 6 8 9 9 5 5 1 10 2 5
    Physical sciences 36 46 48 43 36 40 35 48 50 42
      Astronomy and astrophysics 5 9 9 3 6 3 4 4 4 1
      Chemistry 24 29 28 25 15 29 19 27 25 29
      Physics 7 8 11 15 15 8 12 17 21 12
    Psychology 8 12 12 10 12 15 11 9 8 7
      Clinical psychology 2 2 4 3 4 5 1 1 3 2
      Counseling and applied psychology . . . . . . . . . .
      Research and experimental psychology 2 6 5 6 6 9 4 6 2 5
      Psychology, other 4 4 3 1 2 1 6 2 3 .
    Social sciences 80 87 63 75 72 54 74 69 76 61
      Anthropology 8 12 2 6 6 3 6 10 11 2
      Economics 28 23 29 16 20 16 23 25 18 22
      Political science and government 14 4 6 10 11 4 9 5 11 7
      Public policy analysis . . . . . . 1 2 . 1
      Sociology, demography, and population studies 7 17 8 13 8 12 17 13 11 14
      Social sciences, other 23 31 18 30 27 19 18 14 25 15
  Non-science and engineering 108 108 104 115 132 134 136 112 119 110
    Business 22 17 15 20 25 24 21 17 21 14
      Business 22 17 15 20 25 24 21 17 21 14
    Education 7 13 15 15 8 10 23 17 16 20
      Education research 4 6 7 7 5 5 9 7 12 14
      Teacher education and teaching fields 3 5 3 6 . 2 8 4 4 5
      Education, other . 2 5 2 3 3 6 6 . 1
    Humanities and arts 62 59 51 59 70 75 72 63 68 59
      Letters 15 17 14 13 14 13 12 20 16 22
      Foreign languages and literature 7 12 10 10 6 11 13 12 11 8
      History 14 15 11 12 14 23 14 18 22 15
      Philosophy and religious studies 8 4 5 12 11 11 9 5 7 4
      Music and performing arts 6 5 3 4 6 4 11 1 4 4
      Humanities and arts, other 12 6 8 8 19 13 13 7 8 6
    Other non-science and engineering 17 19 23 21 29 25 20 15 14 17
      Communication 8 11 10 12 17 15 14 11 6 11
      Public administration and social services . 2 5 1 6 6 2 . 5 2
      Non-science and engineering, other 9 6 8 8 6 4 4 4 3 4

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
    Male 1,499 1,455 1,391 1,365 1,267 1,307 1,260 1,647 1,742 i 1,768 i
    Female 1,472 1,363 1,185 1,151 1,080 1,020 982 1,260 1,356 i 1,310 i
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 1,979 1,892 1,708 1,682 1,551 1,559 1,505 1,830 2,010 i 1,954 i
    Hispanic or Latino 268 236 241 206 196 183 164 142 124 i 106 i
    Not Hispanic or Latino 1,651 1,585 1,453 1,464 1,350 1,372 1,334 1,659 1,850 i 1,805 i
      American Indian or Alaska Native 3 2 0 4 0 5 0 4 5 i 6 i
      Asian 397 365 314 304 257 242 232 296 304 i 306 i
      Black or African American 149 124 99 87 72 76 66 97 123 i 91 i
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 1 1 1 4 0 5 0 1 12 i 3 i
      White 1,028 1,030 975 1,003 959 1,009 968 1,208 1,340 i 1,346 i
      More than one race 73 63 64 62 62 35 68 53 66 i 53 i
    Unknown ethnicity and race 60 71 14 12 5 4 7 29 36 i 43 i
  Temporary visa holders 992 926 868 834 796 768 737 1,077 1,088 i 1,124 i
  Science and engineering 2,921 2,768 2,576 2,516 2,347 2,327 2,242 2,794 3,006 i 3,008 i
    Science 2,237 2,152 1,982 1,988 1,911 1,895 1,849 2,041 2,319 i 2,225 i
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 168 i 59 i
      Biological and biomedical sciences 1,106 1,084 1,026 923 949 876 836 739 712 i 728 i
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116 110 i 117 i
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 83 92 i 83 i
      Computer and information sciences 203 176 163 152 139 122 117 108 105 i 114 i
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 20 17 13 17 15 14 13 13 14 i 17 i
      Mathematics and statistics 159 132 110 110 115 100 92 114 107 i 106 i
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 2 0 0 1 6 0 12 25 31 i 28 i
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Physical sciences 309 291 287 292 199 286 274 256 272 i 261 i
      Psychology 67 65 68 65 53 51 52 60 59 i 62 i
      Social sciences 371 387 315 428 435 446 453 527 649 i 650 i
    Engineering 684 616 594 528 436 432 393 753 687 i 783 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 329 259 219 181 143 125 114 194 170 i 179 i
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 91 90 96 96 80 81 68 114 96 i 111 i
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 125 127 131 120 100 95 90 82 84 i 80 i
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 80 i
      Mechanical engineering 80 86 87 79 62 73 69 210 202 i 162 i
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 59 54 61 52 51 58 52 127 109 i 148 i
      Other engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 26 i 23 i
    Health 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 113 92 i 70 i
      Clinical medicine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 113 92 i 70 i
      Other health 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
    Male 30 28 24 24 13 42 21 47 84 i 149 i
    Female 22 22 16 19 9 20 10 84 130 i 180 i
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 21 40 25 31 16 42 20 127 211 i 309 i
    Hispanic or Latino 3 4 2 3 1 0 0 4 7 i 9 i
    Not Hispanic or Latino 18 33 23 28 15 40 17 123 190 i 273 i
      American Indian or Alaska Native 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 i 0 i
      Asian 4 11 10 12 3 14 4 16 22 i 50 i
      Black or African American 2 0 1 2 1 0 0 15 20 i 15 i
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      White 10 22 12 13 10 24 9 88 135 i 191 i
      More than one race 2 0 0 1 1 2 0 3 13 i 17 i
    Unknown ethnicity and race 0 3 0 0 0 2 3 0 14 i 27 i
  Temporary visa holders 31 10 15 12 6 20 11 4 3 i 20 i
  Science and engineering 52 49 40 43 22 62 31 65 146 i 264 i
    Science 30 25 18 19 8 33 25 50 112 i 216 i
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 86 i
      Biological and biomedical sciences 8 3 3 2 1 1 0 35 96 i 110 i
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Computer and information sciences 5 3 6 6 2 14 2 3 1 i 0 i
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Mathematics and statistics 9 7 0 1 0 0 7 1 2 i 0 i
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 i 2 i
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Physical sciences 0 3 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 i 0 i
      Psychology 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Social sciences 8 7 7 8 5 17 15 9 8 i 18 i
    Engineering 22 24 22 24 14 29 6 15 34 i 48 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 8 10 14 16 8 17 4 9 20 i 18 i
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 8 6 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 i 0 i
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 6 6 3 3 1 4 0 2 0 i 2 i
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 3 i
      Mechanical engineering 0 2 3 1 5 6 1 4 10 i 23 i
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 2 3 0 1 1 0 3 i 2 i
      Other engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
    Health 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 66 68 i 65 i
      Clinical medicine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 66 68 i 65 i
      Other health 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2023–14
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013
All surveyed fields 1,168 1,065 1,120 1,162 1,172 1,143 1,035 1,098 1,041 i 1,175 i 0
  Science and engineering 1,168 1,047 1,120 1,162 1,172 1,143 1,035 1,098 1,041 i 1,173 i 0
    Science 814 799 796 891 866 832 797 826 776 i 872 i 0
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 4 i 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 701 675 668 639 635 570 520 444 442 i 452 i 0
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 91 97 i 103 i 0
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 4 i 5 i 0
      Computer and information sciences 91 37 88 84 87 88 82 95 92 i 100 i 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 1 1 i 0 i 0
      Mathematics and statistics 9 13 3 5 14 11 11 3 7 i 15 i 0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i 0
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i 0
      Physical sciences 10 54 33 140 96 136 157 149 81 i 132 i 0
      Psychology 2 5 2 8 13 14 9 12 23 i 17 i 0
      Social sciences 1 14 2 15 19 13 16 22 29 i 44 i 0
    Engineering 354 248 324 271 306 311 238 272 265 i 301 i 0
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 171 159 130 114 119 95 78 76 74 i 85 i 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 40 19 35 36 46 46 39 44 35 i 47 i 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 73 33 74 55 68 64 59 82 84 i 80 i 0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i 0
      Mechanical engineering 40 26 47 38 42 63 36 40 36 i 40 i 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 30 11 38 28 31 43 26 30 36 i 49 i 0
      Other engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i 0
    Health 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 2 i 0
      Clinical medicine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 2 i 0
      Other health 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i 0

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2023–14
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All types and sources of support 2,971 2,818 2,576 2,516 2,347 2,327 2,242 2,907 3,098 i 3,078 i
  Fellowships 2,378 1,870 1,857 1,574 1,438 1,390 1,168 1,139 1,250 i 1,149 i
    Federal 756 627 729 693 699 669 478 540 545 i 547 i
    Institutional 1,527 1,159 1,082 857 723 620 657 567 667 i 558 i
    Nonfederal 95 84 46 24 16 101 33 32 38 i 44 i
  Research assistantships 434 644 620 567 534 586 778 735 678 i 788 i
    Federal 405 408 386 467 464 471 551 553 483 i 615 i
    Institutional 26 235 234 95 56 79 196 158 177 i 160 i
    Nonfederal 3 1 0 5 14 36 31 24 18 i 13 i
  Teaching assistantships 12 124 5 276 247 230 161 255 206 i 272 i
    Federal 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
    Institutional 12 124 5 276 244 230 161 254 205 i 272 i
    Nonfederal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 i 0 i
  Other types of support 147 180 94 99 128 121 135 778 964 i 869 i
    Federal 7 30 5 2 6 3 6 5 13 i 13 i
    Institutional 83 70 20 2 26 13 4 18 13 i 22 i
    Nonfederal 2 6 8 7 2 3 0 1 7 i 3 i
    Personal resources 55 74 61 88 94 102 125 754 931 i 831 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  Science and engineering 721 747 627 620 751 731 720 629 594 i 578 i
    Science 612 649 509 508 636 622 604 523 490 i 495 i
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 62 59 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Biological and biomedical sciences 356 397 363 401 425 395 388 317 302 i 307 i
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 22 i 24 i
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 10 i 10 i
      Computer and information sciences 16 14 17 20 21 19 28 21 17 i 15 i
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 12 5 3 4 9 9 3 8 9 i 11 i
      Mathematics and statistics 21 27 10 6 6 6 16 24 11 i 5 i
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Physical sciences 82 84 74 52 100 101 100 86 76 i 75 i
      Psychology 25 31 22 23 46 67 47 22 27 i 27 i
      Social sciences 36 31 20 2 29 25 22 14 16 i 21 i
    Engineering 109 98 118 112 115 109 116 106 104 i 83 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 31 30 35 42 39 38 41 36 32 i 23 i
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 18 16 17 14 23 22 22 17 21 i 14 i
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 25 16 25 25 21 20 21 25 21 i 16 i
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Mechanical engineering 10 16 24 20 15 14 14 13 13 i 12 i
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 25 18 16 10 17 15 18 15 17 i 18 i
      Other engineering 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
    Health 495 411 428 391 412 410 351 335 307 i 341 i
      Clinical medicine 431 375 418 388 407 404 344 301 275 i 313 i
      Other health 64 36 10 3 5 6 7 34 32 i 28 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2023–14
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All surveyed fields 674 717 724 589 675 800 618 619 627 i 606 i
  Science and engineering 365 444 437 372 442 496 438 424 418 i 405 i
    Science 300 384 347 291 355 415 350 339 340 i 344 i
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 21 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Biological and biomedical sciences 202 272 244 210 238 284 228 202 212 i 204 i
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 13 i 16 i
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 i 7 i
      Computer and information sciences 7 8 16 18 17 15 21 21 17 i 15 i
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 2 2 2 1 5 5 1 6 7 i 6 i
      Mathematics and statistics 6 4 1 1 0 0 2 2 2 i 4 i
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Physical sciences 43 52 64 42 64 64 64 64 58 i 66 i
      Psychology 17 16 15 18 26 41 29 14 19 i 20 i
      Social sciences 2 5 5 1 5 6 5 4 5 i 6 i
    Engineering 65 60 90 81 87 81 88 85 78 i 61 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 23 23 30 31 30 29 28 23 23 i 16 i
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 11 10 12 6 18 17 14 11 9 i 8 i
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 12 10 22 23 14 13 19 25 21 i 16 i
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
      Mechanical engineering 5 7 12 14 13 12 12 11 13 i 11 i
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 14 9 14 7 12 10 15 15 12 i 10 i
      Other engineering 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 i
    Health 309 273 287 217 233 304 180 195 209 i 201 i
      Clinical medicine 258 241 277 213 229 299 178 170 185 i 183 i
      Other health 51 32 10 4 4 5 2 25 24 i 18 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  All R&D fields 1,953,617 1,791,311 1,631,950 1,579,364 1,506,285 1,441,931 1,374,293 1,296,429 864,068 828,350
    Science 1,694,823 1,545,690 1,403,617 1,350,669 1,290,393 1,236,717 1,183,407 1,079,467 782,618 745,969
      Computer and information sciences 21,066 29,513 27,396 26,318 26,968 23,703 20,149 17,589 13,751 15,453
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 2,293 1,856 1,929 1,760 2,455 1,266 1,935 1,724 1,359 1,976
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geological and earth sciences 2,293 1,856 1,929 1,760 2,455 1,266 1,935 1,724 1,270 1,976
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 89 0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Life sciences 1,497,834 1,364,745 1,243,966 1,185,719 1,125,634 1,070,969 1,022,472 942,243 680,065 655,541
        Agricultural sciences 1,109 1,000 1,003 1,140 926 945 918 620 172 202
        Biological and biomedical sciences 1,053,560 936,939 835,864 780,497 743,835 727,296 692,343 628,134 205,927 204,651
        Health sciences 412,203 352,904 329,713 326,566 301,611 270,535 262,444 247,503 463,167 440,513
        Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Life sciences nec 30,962 73,902 77,386 77,516 79,262 72,193 66,767 65,986 10,799 10,175
      Mathematics and statistics 8,603 8,921 8,637 6,817 7,432 5,975 7,373 6,173 3,294 2,806
      Physical sciences 72,101 67,341 59,246 58,157 60,150 55,476 46,244 39,426 29,134 25,561
        Astronomy and astrophysics 1,610 1,664 1,305 1,579 1,375 1,486 1,421 0 0 0
        Chemistry 26,793 25,511 23,124 21,246 20,121 18,743 15,403 13,506 10,595 9,423
        Materials science 17,580 15,712 14,089 13,961 14,848 12,145 6,604 6,055 0 0
        Physics 26,118 24,454 20,728 21,371 23,806 23,102 22,816 19,865 18,539 16,138
        Physical sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Psychology 17,413 16,035 15,250 15,854 14,222 18,872 21,397 20,638 22,774 14,926
      Social sciences 66,203 53,759 46,021 51,374 49,088 49,776 48,579 41,676 25,956 24,786
        Anthropology 1,428 1,484 1,378 1,167 872 959 1,491 729 0 0
        Economics 3,866 5,988 5,756 6,148 5,980 5,541 4,977 3,986 1,242 1,188
        Political science and government 6,277 3,393 3,782 4,260 4,705 4,360 2,015 191 4,512 3,954
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 26,778 22,405 19,644 23,377 22,400 23,300 21,052 20,400 5,378 7,943
        Social sciences nec 27,854 20,489 15,461 16,422 15,131 15,616 19,044 16,370 14,824 11,701
      Sciences nec 9,310 3,520 1,172 4,670 4,444 10,680 15,258 9,998 6,285 4,920
    Engineering 112,740 106,282 88,937 82,299 78,444 67,574 64,279 61,366 46,031 46,345
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 34,022 30,184 25,127 20,457 22,871 19,199 15,979 15,886 10,898 8,969
      Chemical engineering 11,657 9,817 10,192 9,194 10,328 9,682 9,911 7,468 4,383 4,152
      Civil engineering 15 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 25,931 23,441 19,676 16,788 15,628 14,338 14,850 18,657 14,673 15,633
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 19,885 24,366 20,591 22,352 20,673 15,403 15,212 11,719 8,333 6,509
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,625 8,811
      Engineering nec 21,230 18,462 13,351 13,508 8,944 8,952 8,327 7,636 1,119 2,271
    Non-S&E 146,054 139,339 139,396 146,396 137,448 137,640 126,607 155,596 35,419 36,036
      Business management and business administration 79,067 80,722 84,856 89,756 75,828 76,729 63,576 47,397 10,454 11,728
      Communication and communications technologies 11,225 8,837 7,313 6,079 5,222 7,018 8,989 8,564 7,038 6,710
      Education 15,332 13,885 14,518 16,188 19,993 18,519 18,428 14,214 7,212 7,997
      Humanities 11,402 10,078 7,361 9,065 8,913 8,308 7,673 3,903 3,078 2,800
      Law 12,108 12,920 11,239 12,632 14,634 13,091 15,628 13,299 2,083 1,726
      Social work 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,298 3,494
      Visual and performing arts 3,921 3,622 3,076 2,918 3,099 3,196 2,985 3,709 1,256 1,581
      Non-S&E nec 12,999 9,275 11,033 9,758 9,759 10,779 9,328 64,510 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2023
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields 1,953,617 936,469 27,849 642,815 203,003 134,455 9,026
    Science 1,694,823 859,062 27,376 485,356 198,917 118,204 5,908
      Computer and information sciences 21,066 14,071 0 6,250 119 521 105
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 2,293 625 0 1,337 17 228 86
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geological and earth sciences 2,293 625 0 1,337 17 228 86
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Life sciences 1,497,834 765,293 24,369 407,267 196,554 99,648 4,703
        Agricultural sciences 1,109 126 0 755 0 212 16
        Biological and biomedical sciences 1,053,560 538,801 2,746 270,084 164,862 73,857 3,210
        Health sciences 412,203 216,864 21,623 115,741 31,362 25,159 1,454
        Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Life sciences nec 30,962 9,502 0 20,687 330 420 23
      Mathematics and statistics 8,603 4,584 0 2,869 0 1,150 0
      Physical sciences 72,101 49,316 0 18,026 1,286 3,316 157
        Astronomy and astrophysics 1,610 3 0 1,607 0 0 0
        Chemistry 26,793 18,079 0 7,380 752 582 0
        Materials science 17,580 13,059 0 4,176 208 78 59
        Physics 26,118 18,175 0 4,863 326 2,656 98
        Physical sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Psychology 17,413 8,656 120 4,366 146 3,915 210
      Social sciences 66,203 16,193 2,237 36,905 795 9,426 647
        Anthropology 1,428 298 0 705 287 127 11
        Economics 3,866 691 0 2,109 0 809 257
        Political science and government 6,277 1,071 0 3,704 0 1,436 66
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 26,778 12,241 1,496 8,180 302 4,315 244
        Social sciences nec 27,854 1,892 741 22,207 206 2,739 69
      Sciences nec 9,310 324 650 8,336 0 0 0
    Engineering 112,740 56,036 0 47,236 3,103 4,569 1,796
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 34,022 20,452 0 8,017 2,133 1,993 1,427
      Chemical engineering 11,657 5,641 0 4,196 196 1,624 0
      Civil engineering 15 0 0 15 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 25,931 17,699 0 7,292 156 605 179
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 19,885 12,180 0 6,550 618 347 190
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Engineering nec 21,230 64 0 21,166 0 0 0
    Non-S&E 146,054 21,371 473 110,223 983 11,682 1,322
      Business management and business administration 79,067 912 0 72,655 859 4,488 153
      Communication and communications technologies 11,225 6,956 0 3,165 83 901 120
      Education 15,332 5,428 245 4,793 0 4,276 590
      Humanities 11,402 1,281 0 8,899 0 1,116 106
      Law 12,108 980 228 9,972 30 545 353
      Social work 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Visual and performing arts 3,921 332 0 3,554 0 35 0
      Non-S&E nec 12,999 5,482 0 7,185 11 321 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
Federal Agencies 936,469 873,318 792,089 721,308 717,359 688,313 669,911 655,791 611,620 620,396
  DOD 53,246 57,657 51,902 57,517 49,467 48,919 55,373 55,334 64,987 48,940
  DOE 15,424 13,728 10,770 9,131 9,526 9,798 9,672 10,187 11,406 11,496
  HHS 784,145 727,643 663,458 592,887 592,670 564,463 543,959 529,947 481,614 501,266
  NASA 2,941 3,635 4,250 3,957 4,338 4,595 5,043 3,823 3,659 3,613
  NSF 59,837 53,123 47,054 43,067 45,727 45,199 41,970 40,912 36,768 35,469
  USDA 1,818 1,296 1,014 830 1,319 785 848 834 1,276 912
  Other 19,058 16,236 13,641 13,919 14,312 14,554 13,046 14,754 11,910 18,700

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2023–17 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2023 . . . .
2022 . . . .
2021 . . . .
2020 . . . .
2019 13,946 1,920 12,026 .
2018 13,100 1,756 11,344 .
2017 12,875 1,702 11,173 .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space 1,935 1,867 1,869 1,764 1,723
    Agricultural sciences 0 2 0 6 15
    Biological and biomedical sciences 727 674 668 680 670
    Computer and information sciences 37 19 22 21 21
    Engineering 144 149 137 144 123
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 10 8 8 82 89
    Health sciences 801 771 755 705 673
    Mathematics and statistics 4 6 6 4 4
    Natural resources and conservation 0 0 8 7 0
    Physical sciences 130 129 121 41 40
    Psychology 25 28 27 18 26
    Social sciences 54 77 109 50 55
    Other 4 4 7 6 6

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 60,099 325,676 71,559 . 57,900
    Agricultural sciences 3,933 0 0 . 0
    Biological and biomedical sciences 13,196 0 0 . 0
    Computer and information sciences 0 25,931 0 . 0
    Engineering 0 30,802 9,626 . 0
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 0 0 1,363 . 0
    Health sciences 42,970 214,519 0 . 0
    Physical sciences 0 51,870 1,761 . 0
    Social sciences 0 2,554 58,809 . 57,900

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 26,147 44,097 112,541 184,466 258,618
    Agricultural sciences 0 1,491 6,505 0 0
    Biological and biomedical sciences 12,517 4,218 32,892 88,692 28,960
    Computer and information sciences 0 499 0 0 0
    Engineering 4,590 5,837 33,458 20,421 11,715
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 0 1,145 0 0 0
    Health sciences 6,849 2,830 16,787 8,371 206,698
    Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0
    Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 425
    Physical sciences 1,201 4,274 12,084 16,475 8,500
    Psychology 0 0 0 267 0
    Social sciences 991 23,803 10,816 50,238 2,320
    Other 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

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