U. Pennsylvania

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures Research space
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2024 21 95.7 459 54 91.7 631 2 99.9 925
2023 31 93.5 459 58 91.7 679 3 99.8 911 30 95.2 602
2022 24 95 457 57 91.8 680 3 99.8 900
2021 28 94 447 57 92 691 4 99.7 908 29 95.2 583
2020 30 93.6 450 51 92.9 698 4 99.7 916
2019 30 93.6 447 60 91.6 697 4 99.7 914 28 95.4 589
2018 29 93.5 428 59 91.8 700 4 99.7 911
2017 27 93.9 425 57 91.9 684 4 99.7 898 31 94.8 575
2016 31 93.1 430 49 93.2 697 3 99.8 896
2015 25 94.4 426 42 94.1 693 17 98.2 898 30 95 570
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2024–15
Fields 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All fields 596 508 516 455 468 450 448 488 464 481
  Science and engineering 487 400 408 351 353 318 314 352 352 362
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources 1 . . . . . 1 . . 2
      Agricultural sciences 1 . . . . . 1 . . 2
      Natural resources and conservation . . . . . . . . . .
    Biological and biomedical sciences 176 156 143 120 112 106 106 129 132 124
      Biochemistry and biophysics 12 6 9 8 16 14 10 20 9 9
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 25 12 17 8 14 10 11 14 18 9
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 11 20 15 10 8 4 9 10 10 5
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy 2 1 2 4 6 4 7 8 8 15
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 4 5 7 5 8 3 2 5 7 5
      Genetics and genomics 16 9 6 7 3 6 8 7 7 2
      Microbiology and immunology 23 21 12 23 15 18 11 26 25 21
      Molecular biology 47 35 31 27 13 14 10 13 9 13
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 18 26 21 12 11 12 20 14 24 27
      Pharmacology and toxicology 10 10 12 7 9 8 8 6 4 8
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 8 8 11 6 8 12 8 4 8 9
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other . 3 . 3 1 1 2 2 3 1
    Computer and information sciences 19 22 17 15 18 15 19 14 13 12
      Computer science 10 10 8 8 10 12 7 9 8 9
      Computer and information sciences, other 9 12 9 7 8 3 12 5 5 3
    Engineering 95 71 75 53 56 47 53 53 56 63
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 37 21 21 17 13 12 15 14 13 24
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 12 12 15 8 14 6 11 12 10 10
      Electrical and computer engineering 12 11 5 11 10 3 8 9 5 7
      Industrial engineering and operations research 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 .
      Materials and mining engineering 7 9 12 4 9 7 8 6 14 9
      Mechanical engineering 21 12 18 9 8 17 9 10 11 11
      Engineering, other 5 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 2
    Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 5 1 . 2 2 5 . 1 1 3
      Geological sciences 5 1 . 2 2 4 . 1 1 3
      Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences . . . . . 1 . . . .
    Health sciences 17 8 10 19 17 12 16 16 9 14
      Nursing science 16 7 9 18 17 9 13 14 8 13
      Public health 1 . . . . 1 1 2 . 1
      Health sciences, other . 1 1 1 . 2 2 . 1 .
    Mathematics and statistics 25 18 18 19 20 13 10 19 15 10
      Applied mathematics 6 3 3 5 6 1 2 4 . 1
      Mathematics 3 2 2 1 1 3 1 5 3 2
      Statistics 7 7 5 4 4 4 2 9 2 5
      Mathematics and statistics, other 9 6 8 9 9 5 5 1 10 2
    Physical sciences 53 36 46 48 43 36 40 35 48 50
      Astronomy and astrophysics 10 5 9 9 3 6 3 4 4 4
      Chemistry 32 24 29 28 25 15 29 19 27 25
      Physics 11 7 8 11 15 15 8 12 17 21
    Psychology 11 8 12 12 10 12 15 11 9 8
      Clinical psychology 2 2 2 4 3 4 5 1 1 3
      Counseling and applied psychology 1 . . . . . . . . .
      Research and experimental psychology 5 2 6 5 6 6 9 4 6 2
      Psychology, other 3 4 4 3 1 2 1 6 2 3
    Social sciences 85 80 87 63 75 72 54 74 69 76
      Anthropology 15 8 12 2 6 6 3 6 10 11
      Economics 24 28 23 29 16 20 16 23 25 18
      Political science and government 8 14 4 6 10 11 4 9 5 11
      Public policy analysis . . . . . . . 1 2 .
      Sociology, demography, and population studies 10 7 17 8 13 8 12 17 13 11
      Social sciences, other 28 23 31 18 30 27 19 18 14 25
  Non-science and engineering 109 108 108 104 115 132 134 136 112 119
    Business 20 22 17 15 20 25 24 21 17 21
      Business 20 22 17 15 20 25 24 21 17 21
    Education 9 7 13 15 15 8 10 23 17 16
      Education research 3 4 6 7 7 5 5 9 7 12
      Teacher education and teaching fields 3 3 5 3 6 . 2 8 4 4
      Education, other 3 . 2 5 2 3 3 6 6 .
    Humanities and arts 54 62 59 51 59 70 75 72 63 68
      Letters 16 15 17 14 13 14 13 12 20 16
      Foreign languages and literature 7 7 12 10 10 6 11 13 12 11
      History 11 14 15 11 12 14 23 14 18 22
      Philosophy and religious studies 8 8 4 5 12 11 11 9 5 7
      Music and performing arts 5 6 5 3 4 6 4 11 1 4
      Humanities and arts, other 7 12 6 8 8 19 13 13 7 8
    Other non-science and engineering 26 17 19 23 21 29 25 20 15 14
      Communication 14 8 11 10 12 17 15 14 11 6
      Public administration and social services 2 . 2 5 1 6 6 2 . 5
      Non-science and engineering, other 10 9 6 8 8 6 4 4 4 3

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents   1,999   1,979   1,892   1,708   1,682   1,551   1,559   1,505   1,830   2,010 i
    Hispanic or Latino   275   268   236   241   206   196   183   164   142   124 i
    Not Hispanic or Latino   1,659   1,651   1,585   1,453   1,464   1,350   1,372   1,334   1,659   1,850 i
      American Indian or Alaska Native   1   3   2   0   4   0   5   0   4   5 i
      Asian   423   397   365   314   304   257   242   232   296   304 i
      Black or African American   151   149   124   99   87   72   76   66   97   123 i
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander   1   1   1   1   4   0   5   0   1   12 i
      White   995   1,028   1,030   975   1,003   959   1,009   968   1,208   1,340 i
      More than one race   88   73   63   64   62   62   35   68   53   66 i
    Unknown ethnicity and race   65   60   71   14   12   5   4   7   29   36 i
  Temporary visa holders   1,056   992   926   868   834   796   768   737   1,077   1,088 i
  Science and engineering   3,010   2,921   2,768   2,576   2,516   2,347   2,327   2,242   2,794   3,006 i
    Science   2,270   2,237   2,152   1,982   1,988   1,911   1,895   1,849   2,041   2,319 i
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   168 i
      Biological and biomedical sciences   1,134   1,106   1,084   1,026   923   949   876   836   739   712 i
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   83   92 i
      Computer and information sciences   213   203   176   163   152   139   122   117   108   105 i
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   15   20   17   13   17   15   14   13   13   14 i
      Mathematics and statistics   176   159   132   110   110   115   100   92   114   107 i
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   14   2   0   0   1   6   0   12   25   31 i
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Physical sciences   306   309   291   287   292   199   286   274   256   272 i
      Psychology   47   67   65   68   65   53   51   52   60   59 i
      Social sciences   365   371   387   315   428   435   446   453   527   649 i
    Engineering   740   684   616   594   528   436   432   393   753   687 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   367   329   259   219   181   143   125   114   194   170 i
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   99   91   90   96   96   80   81   68   114   96 i
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   133   125   127   131   120   100   95   90   82   84 i
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Mechanical engineering   77   80   86   87   79   62   73   69   210   202 i
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   64   59   54   61   52   51   58   52   127   109 i
      Other engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   26   26 i
    Health   45   50   50   0   0   0   0   0   113   92 i
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   113   92 i
      Other health   45   50   50   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents   55   21   40   25   31   16   42   20   127   211 i
    Hispanic or Latino   6   3   4   2   3   1   0   0   4   7 i
    Not Hispanic or Latino   47   18   33   23   28   15   40   17   123   190 i
      American Indian or Alaska Native   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   4   1   0 i
      Asian   11   4   11   10   12   3   14   4   16   22 i
      Black or African American   6   2   0   1   2   1   0   0   15   20 i
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      White   29   10   22   12   13   10   24   9   88   135 i
      More than one race   1   2   0   0   1   1   2   0   3   13 i
    Unknown ethnicity and race   2   0   3   0   0   0   2   3   0   14 i
  Temporary visa holders   14   31   10   15   12   6   20   11   4   3 i
  Science and engineering   68   52   49   40   43   22   62   31   65   146 i
    Science   40   30   25   18   19   8   33   25   50   112 i
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological and biomedical sciences   3   8   3   3   2   1   1   0   35   96 i
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Computer and information sciences   6   5   3   6   6   2   14   2   3   1 i
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Mathematics and statistics   8   9   7   0   1   0   0   7   1   2 i
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   2   5 i
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Physical sciences   2   0   3   2   2   0   1   1   0   0 i
      Psychology   15   0   2   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Social sciences   5   8   7   7   8   5   17   15   9   8 i
    Engineering   28   22   24   22   24   14   29   6   15   34 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   19   8   10   14   16   8   17   4   9   20 i
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   1   8   6   0   1   0   1   0   0   1 i
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   3   6   6   3   3   1   4   0   2   0 i
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Mechanical engineering   1   0   2   3   1   5   6   1   4   10 i
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   4   0   0   2   3   0   1   1   0   3 i
      Other engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
    Health   1   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   66   68 i
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   66   68 i
      Other health   1   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields   1,228   1,168   1,065   1,120   1,162   1,172   1,143   1,035   1,098   1,041 i
  Science and engineering   1,227   1,168   1,047   1,120   1,162   1,172   1,143   1,035   1,098   1,041 i
    Science   829   814   799   796   891   866   832   797   826   776 i
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological and biomedical sciences   713   701   675   668   639   635   570   520   444   442 i
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   9   4 i
      Computer and information sciences   90   91   37   88   84   87   88   82   95   92 i
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   0   0   1   0   0   2   0   2   1   1 i
      Mathematics and statistics   16   9   13   3   5   14   11   11   3   7 i
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Physical sciences   7   10   54   33   140   96   136   157   149   81 i
      Psychology   1   2   5   2   8   13   14   9   12   23 i
      Social sciences   2   1   14   2   15   19   13   16   22   29 i
    Engineering   398   354   248   324   271   306   311   238   272   265 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   213   171   159   130   114   119   95   78   76   74 i
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   38   40   19   35   36   46   46   39   44   35 i
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   75   73   33   74   55   68   64   59   82   84 i
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Mechanical engineering   42   40   26   47   38   42   63   36   40   36 i
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   30   30   11   38   28   31   43   26   30   36 i
      Other engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
    Health   1   0   18   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Other health   1   0   18   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2024–15
Type and primary source of support 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All types and sources of support   3,055   2,971   2,818   2,576   2,516   2,347   2,327   2,242   2,907   3,098 i
  Fellowships   1,759   2,378   1,870   1,857   1,574   1,438   1,390   1,168   1,139   1,250 i
    Federal   760   756   627   729   693   699   669   478   540   545 i
    Institutional   903   1,527   1,159   1,082   857   723   620   657   567   667 i
    Nonfederal   96   95   84   46   24   16   101   33   32   38 i
  Research assistantships   462   434   644   620   567   534   586   778   735   678 i
    Federal   452   405   408   386   467   464   471   551   553   483 i
    Institutional   8   26   235   234   95   56   79   196   158   177 i
    Nonfederal   2   3   1   0   5   14   36   31   24   18 i
  Teaching assistantships   12   12   124   5   276   247   230   161   255   206 i
    Federal   0   0   0   0   0   3   0   0   0   0 i
    Institutional   12   12   124   5   276   244   230   161   254   205 i
    Nonfederal   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1 i
  Other types of support   822   147   180   94   99   128   121   135   778   964 i
    Federal   16   7   30   5   2   6   3   6   5   13 i
    Institutional   735   83   70   20   2   26   13   4   18   13 i
    Nonfederal   1   2   6   8   7   2   3   0   1   7 i
    Personal resources   70   55   74   61   88   94   102   125   754   931 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  Science and engineering   907   755   810   685   658   747   731   720   629   594 i
    Science   777   639   699   549   536   632   622   604   523   490 i
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   69   66   62   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological and biomedical sciences   502   360   413   373   414   420   395   388   317   302 i
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   8   10 i
      Computer and information sciences   13   16   16   21   24   21   19   28   21   17 i
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   12   12   5   3   4   9   9   3   8   9 i
      Mathematics and statistics   18   23   28   12   6   6   6   16   24   11 i
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   2   2   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Physical sciences   97   91   100   94   61   101   101   100   86   76 i
      Psychology   23   28   34   24   25   48   67   47   22   27 i
      Social sciences   41   41   40   22   2   27   25   22   14   16 i
    Engineering   130   116   111   136   122   115   109   116   106   104 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   38   36   38   45   46   39   38   41   36   32 i
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   20   19   18   20   16   23   22   22   17   21 i
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   30   26   17   29   28   21   20   21   25   21 i
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Mechanical engineering   16   10   17   24   20   15   14   14   13   13 i
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   26   25   19   17   11   17   15   18   15   17 i
      Other engineering   0   0   2   1   1   0   0   0   0   0 i
    Health   381   524   424   441   407   403   410   351   335   307 i
      Clinical medicine   345   454   386   430   403   397   404   344   301   275 i
      Other health   36   70   38   11   4   6   6   7   34   32 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields   695   674   717   724   589   675   800   618   619   627 i
  Science and engineering   456   365   444   437   372   442   496   438   424   418 i
    Science   400   300   384   347   291   355   415   350   339   340 i
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   28   21   25   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological and biomedical sciences   285   202   272   244   210   238   284   228   202   212 i
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   4   7 i
      Computer and information sciences   6   7   8   16   18   17   15   21   21   17 i
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   2   2   2   2   1   5   5   1   6   7 i
      Mathematics and statistics   6   6   4   1   1   0   0   2   2   2 i
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Physical sciences   58   43   52   64   42   64   64   64   64   58 i
      Psychology   12   17   16   15   18   26   41   29   14   19 i
      Social sciences   3   2   5   5   1   5   6   5   4   5 i
    Engineering   56   65   60   90   81   87   81   88   85   78 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   13   23   23   30   31   30   29   28   23   23 i
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   10   11   10   12   6   18   17   14   11   9 i
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   13   12   10   22   23   14   13   19   25   21 i
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
      Mechanical engineering   7   5   7   12   14   13   12   12   11   13 i
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   13   14   9   14   7   12   10   15   15   12 i
      Other engineering   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 i
    Health   239   309   273   287   217   233   304   180   195   209 i
      Clinical medicine   210   258   241   277   213   229   299   178   170   185 i
      Other health   29   51   32   10   4   4   5   2   25   24 i

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  All R&D fields   2,167,504   1,953,617   1,791,311   1,631,950   1,579,364   1,506,285   1,441,931   1,374,293   1,296,429   864,068
    Science   1,876,623   1,694,823   1,545,690   1,403,617   1,350,669   1,290,393   1,236,717   1,183,407   1,079,467   782,618
      Computer and information sciences   27,960   21,066   29,513   27,396   26,318   26,968   23,703   20,149   17,589   13,751
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   2,251   2,293   1,856   1,929   1,760   2,455   1,266   1,935   1,724   1,359
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geological and earth sciences   2,251   2,293   1,856   1,929   1,760   2,455   1,266   1,935   1,724   1,270
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   89
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Life sciences   1,659,885   1,497,834   1,364,745   1,243,966   1,185,719   1,125,634   1,070,969   1,022,472   942,243   680,065
        Agricultural sciences   1,060   1,109   1,000   1,003   1,140   926   945   918   620   172
        Biological and biomedical sciences   1,170,917   1,053,560   936,939   835,864   780,497   743,835   727,296   692,343   628,134   205,927
        Health sciences   437,693   412,203   352,904   329,713   326,566   301,611   270,535   262,444   247,503   463,167
        Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Life sciences nec   50,215   30,962   73,902   77,386   77,516   79,262   72,193   66,767   65,986   10,799
      Mathematics and statistics   9,599   8,603   8,921   8,637   6,817   7,432   5,975   7,373   6,173   3,294
      Physical sciences   84,635   72,101   67,341   59,246   58,157   60,150   55,476   46,244   39,426   29,134
        Astronomy and astrophysics   1,711   1,610   1,664   1,305   1,579   1,375   1,486   1,421   0   0
        Chemistry   26,797   26,793   25,511   23,124   21,246   20,121   18,743   15,403   13,506   10,595
        Materials science   21,226   17,580   15,712   14,089   13,961   14,848   12,145   6,604   6,055   0
        Physics   34,901   26,118   24,454   20,728   21,371   23,806   23,102   22,816   19,865   18,539
        Physical sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   16,207   17,413   16,035   15,250   15,854   14,222   18,872   21,397   20,638   22,774
      Social sciences   69,570   66,203   53,759   46,021   51,374   49,088   49,776   48,579   41,676   25,956
        Anthropology   1,258   1,428   1,484   1,378   1,167   872   959   1,491   729   0
        Economics   6,009   3,866   5,988   5,756   6,148   5,980   5,541   4,977   3,986   1,242
        Political science and government   7,194   6,277   3,393   3,782   4,260   4,705   4,360   2,015   191   4,512
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   30,816   26,778   22,405   19,644   23,377   22,400   23,300   21,052   20,400   5,378
        Social sciences nec   24,293   27,854   20,489   15,461   16,422   15,131   15,616   19,044   16,370   14,824
      Sciences nec   6,516   9,310   3,520   1,172   4,670   4,444   10,680   15,258   9,998   6,285
    Engineering   124,526   112,740   106,282   88,937   82,299   78,444   67,574   64,279   61,366   46,031
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   34,551   34,022   30,184   25,127   20,457   22,871   19,199   15,979   15,886   10,898
      Chemical engineering   13,092   11,657   9,817   10,192   9,194   10,328   9,682   9,911   7,468   4,383
      Civil engineering   3   15   12   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   37,785   25,931   23,441   19,676   16,788   15,628   14,338   14,850   18,657   14,673
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   23   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   21,449   19,885   24,366   20,591   22,352   20,673   15,403   15,212   11,719   8,333
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   6,625
      Engineering nec   17,623   21,230   18,462   13,351   13,508   8,944   8,952   8,327   7,636   1,119
    Non-S&E   166,355   146,054   139,339   139,396   146,396   137,448   137,640   126,607   155,596   35,419
      Business management and business administration   95,903   79,067   80,722   84,856   89,756   75,828   76,729   63,576   47,397   10,454
      Communication and communications technologies   7,070   11,225   8,837   7,313   6,079   5,222   7,018   8,989   8,564   7,038
      Education   14,677   15,332   13,885   14,518   16,188   19,993   18,519   18,428   14,214   7,212
      Humanities   10,934   11,402   10,078   7,361   9,065   8,913   8,308   7,673   3,903   3,078
      Law   18,151   12,108   12,920   11,239   12,632   14,634   13,091   15,628   13,299   2,083
      Social work   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   4,298
      Visual and performing arts   4,393   3,921   3,622   3,076   2,918   3,099   3,196   2,985   3,709   1,256
      Non-S&E nec   15,227   12,999   9,275   11,033   9,758   9,759   10,779   9,328   64,510   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields   2,167,504   1,018,602   29,860   782,301   172,616   152,751   11,374
    Science   1,876,623   935,640   28,862   601,891   167,075   135,176   7,979
      Computer and information sciences   27,960   14,628   0   11,760   379   1,163   30
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   2,251   771   0   1,173   0   275   32
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geological and earth sciences   2,251   771   0   1,173   0   275   32
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Life sciences   1,659,885   832,231   26,552   514,101   165,444   115,332   6,225
        Agricultural sciences   1,060   163   0   844   0   3   50
        Biological and biomedical sciences   1,170,917   600,446   2,489   333,331   137,863   91,946   4,842
        Health sciences   437,693   221,666   24,063   140,542   27,248   22,874   1,300
        Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Life sciences nec   50,215   9,956   0   39,384   333   509   33
      Mathematics and statistics   9,599   3,934   0   4,743   0   922   0
      Physical sciences   84,635   57,553   0   23,659   744   2,241   438
        Astronomy and astrophysics   1,711   9   0   1,702   0   0   0
        Chemistry   26,797   17,299   0   8,692   292   464   50
        Materials science   21,226   16,357   0   4,397   167   91   214
        Physics   34,901   23,888   0   8,868   285   1,686   174
        Physical sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   16,207   7,905   0   3,766   157   4,122   257
      Social sciences   69,570   17,457   2,284   37,444   351   11,037   997
        Anthropology   1,258   334   0   847   0   66   11
        Economics   6,009   774   0   4,590   0   511   134
        Political science and government   7,194   1,080   0   3,649   144   1,593   728
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   30,816   12,817   2,000   9,989   0   5,928   82
        Social sciences nec   24,293   2,452   284   18,369   207   2,939   42
      Sciences nec   6,516   1,161   26   5,245   0   84   0
    Engineering   124,526   63,768   0   50,209   3,865   4,633   2,051
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   34,551   19,768   0   8,923   1,748   2,235   1,877
      Chemical engineering   13,092   6,536   0   4,975   173   1,408   0
      Civil engineering   3   0   0   3   0   0   0
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   37,785   23,965   0   11,998   1,131   670   21
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   23   23   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   21,449   13,401   0   6,770   813   312   153
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Engineering nec   17,623   75   0   17,540   0   8   0
    Non-S&E   166,355   19,194   998   130,201   1,676   12,942   1,344
      Business management and business administration   95,903   126   50   88,690   1,267   5,615   155
      Communication and communications technologies   7,070   4,523   0   1,358   21   1,032   136
      Education   14,677   5,020   331   4,923   13   3,887   503
      Humanities   10,934   702   0   9,218   0   822   192
      Law   18,151   1,127   617   14,766   298   995   348
      Social work   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   4,393   184   0   3,934   0   275   0
      Non-S&E nec   15,227   7,512   0   7,312   77   316   10

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Federal Agencies   1,018,602   936,469   873,318   792,089   721,308   717,359   688,313   669,911   655,791   611,620
  DOD   63,045   53,246   57,657   51,902   57,517   49,467   48,919   55,373   55,334   64,987
  DOE   17,919   15,424   13,728   10,770   9,131   9,526   9,798   9,672   10,187   11,406
  HHS   839,809   784,145   727,643   663,458   592,887   592,670   564,463   543,959   529,947   481,614
  NASA   2,444   2,941   3,635   4,250   3,957   4,338   4,595   5,043   3,823   3,659
  NSF   72,901   59,837   53,123   47,054   43,067   45,727   45,199   41,970   40,912   36,768
  USDA   2,196   1,818   1,296   1,014   830   1,319   785   848   834   1,276
  Other   20,288   19,058   16,236   13,641   13,919   14,312   14,554   13,046   14,754   11,910

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2024–18 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2024   .   .   .   .
2023   .   .   .   .
2022   .   .   .   .
2021   .   .   .   .
2020   .   .   .   .
2019   13,946   1,920   12,026   .
2018   13,100   1,756   11,344   .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space   1,935   1,867   1,869   1,764   1,723
    Agricultural sciences   0   2   0   6   15
    Biological and biomedical sciences   727   674   668   680   670
    Computer and information sciences   37   19   22   21   21
    Engineering   144   149   137   144   123
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   10   8   8   82   89
    Health sciences   801   771   755   705   673
    Mathematics and statistics   4   6   6   4   4
    Natural resources and conservation   0   0   8   7   0
    Physical sciences   130   129   121   41   40
    Psychology   25   28   27   18   26
    Social sciences   54   77   109   50   55
    Other   4   4   7   6   6

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space   60,099   325,676   71,559   0   57,900
    Agricultural sciences   3,933   0   0   0   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   13,196   0   0   0   0
    Computer and information sciences   0   25,931   0   0   0
    Engineering   0   30,802   9,626   0   0
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   0   0   1,363   0   0
    Health sciences   42,970   214,519   0   0   0
    Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0
    Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0
    Physical sciences   0   51,870   1,761   0   0
    Psychology   0   0   0   0   0
    Social sciences   0   2,554   58,809   0   57,900
    Other   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space   26,147   44,097   112,541   184,466   258,618
    Agricultural sciences   0   1,491   6,505   0   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   12,517   4,218   32,892   88,692   28,960
    Computer and information sciences   0   499   0   0   0
    Engineering   4,590   5,837   33,458   20,421   11,715
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   0   1,145   0   0   0
    Health sciences   6,849   2,830   16,787   8,371   206,698
    Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0
    Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   425
    Physical sciences   1,201   4,274   12,084   16,475   8,500
    Psychology   0   0   0   267   0
    Social sciences   991   23,803   10,816   50,238   2,320
    Other   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

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