U. Toledo, The

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2023 137 70.6 459 204 70.4 679 135 77.9 602 201 78.3 914
2022 132 71.6 457 191 72.3 680 193 78.9 900
2021 132 70.9 447 194 72.3 691 133 77.6 583 196 78.7 908
2020 139 69.6 450 171 75.8 698 196 78.9 916
2019 135 70.3 447 156 78 697 130 78.3 589 196 78.9 914
2018 135 68.9 428 165 76.8 700 197 78.7 911
2017 135 68.7 425 148 78.7 684 130 77.8 575 194 78.7 898
2016 123 71.8 430 190 73.1 697 197 78.3 896
2015 123 71.6 426 167 76.2 693 127 78.1 570 190 79.1 898
2014 137 68 422 170 75.6 688 175 80.6 889
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2023–14
Fields 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All fields 114 116 114 115 118 117 109 136 136 110
  Science and engineering 81 91 81 77 91 80 81 89 92 84
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources . . . 2 . 1 . . . 3
      Agricultural sciences . . . . . . . . . 1
      Natural resources and conservation . . . 2 . 1 . . . 2
    Biological and biomedical sciences 21 29 19 19 35 23 17 28 24 34
      Biochemistry and biophysics 2 3 1 1 6 2 1 1 3 3
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 2 5 2 6 6 9 3 8 3 16
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology . . . . . . . . 1 .
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy . . 1 . 1 1 1 1 3 1
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology . 5 . 3 1 1 1 . 2 4
      Genetics and genomics . . . . 1 . . . . .
      Microbiology and immunology 3 2 4 3 5 . 1 3 1 5
      Molecular biology 8 6 2 . 3 1 2 3 3 1
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 1 1 . 3 5 3 3 4 2 2
      Pharmacology and toxicology 4 5 2 2 2 4 . 1 . .
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 1 2 6 1 5 2 4 6 5 2
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other . . 1 . . . 1 1 1 .
    Computer and information sciences 2 . 1 1 4 1 1 1 . 1
      Computer science 1 . 1 1 4 1 1 1 . 1
      Computer and information sciences, other 1 . . . . . . . . .
    Engineering 18 19 20 16 18 24 23 17 20 19
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering . . . . . . 1 . 1 .
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering . 3 1 1 3 6 2 2 5 4
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 6 2 3 2 . 5 3 4 5 1
      Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering 4 1 5 1 2 1 2 1 3 2
      Electrical and computer engineering 2 6 4 6 6 3 5 5 2 6
      Industrial engineering and operations research 2 . 2 . . 2 4 2 . .
      Materials and mining engineering 1 2 . 1 . 2 . . . 3
      Mechanical engineering 2 5 2 4 5 3 5 3 3 3
      Engineering, other 1 . 3 1 2 2 1 . 1 .
    Health sciences 10 6 13 5 4 4 3 5 12 8
      Pharmaceutical sciences . 1 1 2 2 2 . . 1 1
      Public health 7 2 10 1 . 1 2 1 1 .
      Health sciences, other 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 4 10 7
    Mathematics and statistics 1 4 2 1 6 . 4 6 4 2
      Applied mathematics . 1 . . . . . . . .
      Mathematics . 1 . . 1 . . . 3 2
      Statistics . 1 . 1 1 . 1 2 1 .
      Mathematics and statistics, other 1 1 2 . 4 . 3 4 . .
    Physical sciences 19 17 16 24 17 18 21 19 18 13
      Astronomy and astrophysics 3 . 6 2 4 2 . 4 1 .
      Chemistry 12 12 9 15 11 10 14 11 9 10
      Physics 4 5 1 7 2 6 7 4 8 3
    Psychology 8 10 7 6 7 8 8 13 9 3
      Clinical psychology 6 5 6 2 4 4 5 8 4 2
      Counseling and applied psychology . . . 1 . . . 1 1 .
      Research and experimental psychology 2 4 1 3 3 4 3 4 4 1
      Psychology, other . 1 . . . . . . . .
    Social sciences 2 6 3 3 . 1 4 . 5 1
      Economics . . . . . . . . 1 .
      Sociology, demography, and population studies . 1 1 . . . 1 . . .
      Social sciences, other 2 5 2 3 . 1 3 . 4 1
  Non-science and engineering 33 25 33 38 27 37 28 47 44 26
    Business 2 3 3 2 3 4 4 7 4 4
      Business 2 3 3 2 3 4 4 7 4 4
    Education 30 22 27 35 22 33 24 40 38 21
      Education leadership and administration 1 1 . . . 2 . 1 4 1
      Education research 26 19 24 31 19 22 18 28 30 18
      Teacher education and teaching fields 2 2 3 4 3 7 5 8 4 2
      Education, other 1 . . . . 2 1 3 . .
    Humanities and arts 1 . 3 1 2 . . . 2 1
      History 1 . 3 1 2 . . . 2 1

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
    Male 330 338 335 364 468 453 522 394 518 436
    Female 381 417 326 337 374 348 364 298 368 399
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 379 403 352 394 398 394 423 419 438 561
    Hispanic or Latino 21 29 22 27 21 13 17 16 16 17
    Not Hispanic or Latino 344 357 321 355 370 368 393 394 407 535
      American Indian or Alaska Native 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
      Asian 27 22 32 39 38 34 33 35 31 37
      Black or African American 24 22 14 21 29 32 42 40 41 40
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      White 275 298 266 285 289 295 310 311 326 448
      More than one race 15 15 9 10 13 7 8 8 9 10
    Unknown ethnicity and race 14 17 9 12 7 13 13 9 15 9
  Temporary visa holders 332 352 309 307 444 407 463 273 448 274
  Science and engineering 595 614 546 553 684 658 705 510 657 503
    Science 486 477 418 412 496 465 461 429 431 422
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 172 169 178 181 198 180 189 161 151 161
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 7
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 58 40 4 17 42 12 27 10 11 10
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 6 8 7 4 4 6 7 6 7 6
      Mathematics and statistics 18 16 22 26 42 41 44 37 38 37
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 6 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 96 104 110 102 114 122 110 117 114 117
      Psychology 106 102 60 54 51 53 28 51 55 51
      Social sciences 18 29 37 28 45 51 56 40 48 33
    Engineering 109 137 128 141 188 193 244 81 226 81
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 12 13 13 11 13 15 15 16 25 16
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 3 4 7 9 13 14 9 6 11 6
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 11 18 8 11 20 24 34 4 19 4
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 6 11 7 6 15 12 28 11 31 11
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 5 5 5 6 4 1 3 0 4 0
      Mechanical engineering 11 12 19 25 36 32 33 15 39 15
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 61 74 69 73 87 95 122 29 97 29
    Health 116 141 115 148 158 143 181 182 229 332
      Clinical medicine 21 36 41 51 46 50 73 110 147 110
      Other health 95 105 74 97 112 93 108 72 82 222

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
    Male 169 163 167 182 185 186 201 379 206 369
    Female 162 164 120 113 102 92 116 208 122 209
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 203 211 160 162 177 168 184 275 199 272
    Hispanic or Latino 18 6 6 6 5 11 9 8 3 7
    Not Hispanic or Latino 175 195 146 149 166 156 171 257 192 255
      American Indian or Alaska Native 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
      Asian 13 11 14 12 11 8 13 20 16 19
      Black or African American 20 31 8 14 20 16 18 27 14 24
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      White 139 152 123 120 130 129 134 206 162 208
      More than one race 3 1 1 2 4 2 5 4 0 4
    Unknown ethnicity and race 10 10 8 7 6 1 4 10 4 10
  Temporary visa holders 128 116 127 133 110 110 133 312 129 306
  Science and engineering 283 268 211 248 232 219 256 477 257 456
    Science 178 178 94 139 111 89 118 169 113 148
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 28 29 29 43 21 25 34 26 32 23
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 21 15 3 18 9 10 21 24 12 24
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 2 3 2 1 0 3 1 2 1 2
      Mathematics and statistics 13 15 12 12 4 3 5 6 7 6
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 38 35 28 33 32 18 21 32 16 32
      Psychology 62 64 6 9 12 10 13 29 17 24
      Social sciences 14 17 14 23 33 20 23 48 28 37
    Engineering 105 90 117 109 121 130 138 308 144 308
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 10 6 9 7 7 3 9 19 6 19
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 2 3 7 8 6 4 7 11 6 11
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 13 6 8 8 16 16 16 25 14 25
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 6 4 5 8 9 13 23 66 33 66
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 2 3 4 0 1 1 3 4 1 4
      Mechanical engineering 15 14 17 11 14 21 21 41 15 41
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 57 54 67 67 68 72 59 142 69 142
    Health 48 59 76 47 55 59 61 110 71 122
      Clinical medicine 20 36 48 32 46 49 51 88 62 77
      Other health 28 23 28 15 9 10 10 22 9 45

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2023–14
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013
All surveyed fields 77 64 59 51 68 46 76 394 39 15 0
  Science and engineering 65 51 53 40 55 41 75 273 38 14 0
    Science 53 37 39 31 34 28 49 247 27 12 0
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 32 18 14 12 18 14 18 42 8 4 0
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 1 0
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 6 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 16 18 21 15 13 10 25 110 19 6 0
      Psychology 1 1 3 4 3 1 1 41 0 1 0
      Social sciences 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 7 0 0 0
    Engineering 12 14 14 9 21 13 26 26 11 2 0
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 3 3 4 0 2 5 6 3 6 2 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 1 1 0 1 4 1 2 0 0 0 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 8 9 10 7 10 5 17 22 5 0 0
    Health 12 13 6 11 13 5 1 121 1 1 0
      Clinical medicine 2 2 2 2 3 0 1 52 1 0 0
      Other health 10 11 4 9 10 5 0 69 0 1 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2023–14
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All types and sources of support 711 755 661 701 842 801 886 692 886 835
  Fellowships 101 129 114 99 148 99 59 47 80 30
    Federal 0 0 0 0 8 3 0 31 0 0
    Institutional 101 129 114 99 140 72 0 16 80 30
    Nonfederal 0 0 0 0 0 24 59 0 0 0
  Research assistantships 221 205 182 206 250 220 211 157 205 168
    Federal 77 64 59 51 60 41 74 128 39 14
    Institutional 86 84 57 84 123 161 12 29 162 148
    Nonfederal 58 57 66 71 67 18 125 0 4 6
  Teaching assistantships 192 241 231 259 316 296 325 0 303 269
    Federal 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0
    Institutional 192 241 231 259 316 289 3 0 303 269
    Nonfederal 0 0 0 0 0 5 320 0 0 0
  Other types of support 197 180 134 137 128 186 291 488 298 368
    Federal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 0 1
    Institutional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 88 73
    Nonfederal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Personal resources 197 180 134 137 128 186 291 193 210 294

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  Science and engineering 59 89 67 77 60 30 30 16 26 28
    Science 54 79 65 77 59 28 26 14 23 27
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 29 44 29 42 27 11 16 9 9 15
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0
      Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 2 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 3 6 0 5 5 4 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 18 23 34 29 26 12 9 5 10 12
      Psychology 1 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
      Social sciences 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Engineering 5 10 2 0 1 2 4 2 3 1
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 1 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 4 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 0 2 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
    Health 17 13 9 5 5 6 2 0 5 0
      Clinical medicine 11 8 5 2 5 5 2 0 0 0
      Other health 6 5 4 3 0 1 0 0 5 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2023–14
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All surveyed fields 21 30 29 25 18 12 17 9 13 18
  Science and engineering 17 27 28 24 16 11 17 9 12 18
    Science 16 25 27 24 15 9 16 8 11 17
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 13 18 13 12 5 2 9 6 5 10
        Neurobiology and neuroscience 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 3 2 2 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 3 7 14 9 8 5 7 2 6 7
      Psychology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Social sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Engineering 1 2 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 1
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Health 4 3 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 0
      Clinical medicine 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0
      Other health 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  All R&D fields 67,656 64,654 53,169 54,100 55,006 50,320 50,030 50,019 52,354 61,900
    Science 50,765 47,863 41,330 41,820 41,399 37,774 36,536 33,882 35,071 39,011
      Computer and information sciences 0 127 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 6,117 5,367 5,309 5,748 5,659 4,189 5,178 3,228 2,715 3,349
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 11
        Geological and earth sciences 6,024 5,367 4,934 5,239 5,659 4,189 4,747 3,125 2,578 3,294
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 93 0 375 509 0 0 431 103 7 7
      Life sciences 32,455 30,176 25,012 27,748 27,889 23,752 23,303 23,360 21,320 24,257
        Agricultural sciences 0 5 35 26 109 74 524 81 806 889
        Biological and biomedical sciences 7,625 8,546 6,944 5,710 5,834 5,554 5,344 7,549 8,460 11,304
        Health sciences 24,273 21,521 17,417 20,743 20,923 17,191 16,761 15,055 11,859 11,648
        Natural resources and conservation 60 0 0 0 229 0 0 0 0 0
        Life sciences nec 497 104 616 1,269 794 933 674 675 195 416
      Mathematics and statistics 55 38 3 49 49 175 80 117 57 101
      Physical sciences 11,716 11,637 10,594 7,445 7,438 8,752 7,360 6,974 10,467 11,023
        Astronomy and astrophysics 932 1,641 742 741 493 692 558 1,053 964 1,229
        Chemistry 3,251 3,783 3,069 1,935 2,703 2,367 1,604 2,521 3,603 2,778
        Materials science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Physics 7,520 6,033 6,700 4,645 4,115 5,693 5,198 3,187 5,789 7,003
        Physical sciences nec 13 180 83 124 127 0 0 213 111 13
      Psychology 359 344 365 452 107 256 204 59 18 31
      Social sciences 63 174 47 378 257 650 411 144 494 250
        Anthropology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Economics 20 0 0 49 0 73 334 28 100 0
        Political science and government 17 17 0 66 84 243 73 49 5 215
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 5 143 7 30 144 204 0 55 59 0
        Social sciences nec 21 14 40 233 29 130 4 12 330 35
      Sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Engineering 11,520 11,957 10,299 10,023 11,256 10,410 10,161 11,805 13,320 17,699
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 293 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 1,019 599 584 581 1,259 1,536 1,824 2,208 2,254 5,177
      Chemical engineering 2,210 1,792 2,160 2,226 1,980 1,562 1,845 2,625 2,155 3,386
      Civil engineering 1,557 1,029 458 711 1,475 1,112 1,408 1,138 2,719 2,084
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 2,292 1,895 955 480 523 588 434 270 590 742
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 0 127 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 3,983 5,798 4,477 3,928 4,475 4,502 3,980 5,030 5,602 6,244
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 10
      Engineering nec 166 717 1,665 2,097 1,544 1,095 670 534 0 24
    Non-S&E 5,371 4,834 1,540 2,257 2,351 2,136 3,333 4,332 3,963 5,190
      Business management and business administration 389 220 76 313 673 707 121 198 492 255
      Communication and communications technologies 0 7 16 59 0 31 0 0 0 0
      Education 3,997 3,811 764 935 631 361 2,699 3,176 3,022 4,688
      Humanities 4 114 5 80 10 19 0 28 9 19
      Law 0 0 0 47 0 22 140 27 7 0
      Social work 595 471 290 231 251 232 290 256 83 19
      Visual and performing arts 0 12 19 29 54 49 10 73 78 51
      Non-S&E nec 386 199 370 563 732 715 73 574 272 158

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2023
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields 67,656 37,872 1,615 22,250 2,292 3,230 397
    Science 50,765 27,560 756 17,494 1,759 2,830 366
      Computer and information sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 6,117 3,228 186 1,759 14 930 0
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geological and earth sciences 6,024 3,228 96 1,756 14 930 0
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 93 0 90 3 0 0 0
      Life sciences 32,455 15,144 476 13,086 1,632 1,779 338
        Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Biological and biomedical sciences 7,625 2,574 0 4,861 5 185 0
        Health sciences 24,273 12,378 416 8,004 1,609 1,528 338
        Natural resources and conservation 60 0 60 0 0 0 0
        Life sciences nec 497 192 0 221 18 66 0
      Mathematics and statistics 55 42 0 6 0 7 0
      Physical sciences 11,716 8,941 94 2,474 98 109 0
        Astronomy and astrophysics 932 905 0 9 18 0 0
        Chemistry 3,251 2,384 94 724 9 40 0
        Materials science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Physics 7,520 5,644 0 1,736 71 69 0
        Physical sciences nec 13 8 0 5 0 0 0
      Psychology 359 187 0 144 0 0 28
      Social sciences 63 18 0 25 15 5 0
        Anthropology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Economics 20 0 0 5 15 0 0
        Political science and government 17 0 0 12 0 5 0
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 5 3 0 2 0 0 0
        Social sciences nec 21 15 0 6 0 0 0
      Sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Engineering 11,520 7,048 298 3,437 528 178 31
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 293 26 0 267 0 0 0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 1,019 290 0 658 19 38 14
      Chemical engineering 2,210 1,251 67 498 376 1 17
      Civil engineering 1,557 910 70 517 0 60 0
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 2,292 1,617 0 675 0 0 0
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 3,983 2,954 52 770 133 74 0
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Engineering nec 166 0 109 52 0 5 0
    Non-S&E 5,371 3,264 561 1,319 5 222 0
      Business management and business administration 389 156 0 233 0 0 0
      Communication and communications technologies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Education 3,997 2,723 447 724 0 103 0
      Humanities 4 3 0 1 0 0 0
      Law 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Social work 595 300 23 201 0 71 0
      Visual and performing arts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Non-S&E nec 386 82 91 160 5 48 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
Federal Agencies 37,872 36,694 32,601 27,770 28,273 25,323 24,167 27,802 27,085 34,684
  DOD 7,381 6,713 5,014 2,828 3,033 2,479 1,394 1,615 2,320 1,475
  DOE 6,210 6,116 2,865 1,146 653 1,157 1,456 1,821 1,448 2,622
  HHS 15,343 14,423 14,760 13,084 13,540 11,021 10,583 12,487 14,177 16,361
  NASA 3,682 4,013 4,620 4,363 4,606 4,297 4,133 3,496 3,558 3,760
  NSF 2,771 2,562 2,637 3,814 4,207 3,961 4,251 5,667 3,805 7,332
  USDA 654 1,263 1,066 605 529 417 442 525 393 850
  Other 1,831 1,604 1,639 1,930 1,705 1,991 1,908 2,191 1,384 2,284

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2023–17 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2023 . . . .
2022 . . . .
2021 . . . .
2020 . . . .
2019 895 295 600 .
2018 962 281 681 .
2017 854 185 669 .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space 508 513 502 499 497
    Agricultural sciences 8 8 8 8 8
    Biological and biomedical sciences 124 146 138 140 141
    Computer and information sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Engineering 86 88 96 95 96
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 24 21 15 15 15
    Health sciences 130 101 102 101 99
    Mathematics and statistics 4 4 4 4 4
    Natural resources and conservation 29 45 34 34 38
    Physical sciences 74 70 75 73 69
    Psychology 18 18 18 18 18
    Social sciences 11 12 12 12 10
    Other 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 6,831 4,125 1,832 3,846 3,986
    Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Biological and biomedical sciences 0 900 0 2,445 650
    Computer and information sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Engineering 0 2,100 1,500 916 3,041
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Health sciences 6,831 625 0 0 0
    Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0
    Natural resources and conservation 0 0 332 0 0
    Physical sciences 0 0 0 485 295
    Psychology 0 500 0 0 0
    Social sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Other 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

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