Virginia Commonwealth U.

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2023 106 77.3 459 144 79.1 679 99 83.9 602 71 92.4 914
2022 108 76.8 457 142 79.4 680 72 92.2 900
2021 99 78.2 447 136 80.6 691 104 82.5 583 76 91.8 908
2020 97 78.8 450 135 81 698 87 90.7 916
2019 107 76.5 447 124 82.5 697 101 83.2 589 96 89.7 914
2018 98 77.5 428 123 82.7 700 95 89.8 911
2017 105 75.7 425 127 81.7 684 103 82.4 575 97 89.4 898
2016 106 75.8 430 137 80.7 697 98 89.3 896
2015 117 73 426 132 81.3 693 103 82.2 570 97 89.4 898
2014 93 78.4 422 137 80.4 688 102 88.7 889
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2023–14
Fields 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All fields 175 170 186 196 178 194 182 174 151 194
  Science and engineering 138 130 150 158 136 159 136 140 110 152
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources . . . . . . . . . .
      Natural resources and conservation . . . . . . . . . .
    Biological and biomedical sciences 38 28 40 49 40 43 46 48 27 52
      Biochemistry and biophysics 3 2 3 5 5 1 1 2 4 6
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 3 4 1 1 . . 1 1 . 3
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 4 2 7 7 8 2 9 6 1 8
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy . . 1 2 1 . . 2 1 2
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 3 3 2 3 1 6 2 5 3 3
      Genetics and genomics 3 . 2 6 3 5 9 5 2 6
      Microbiology and immunology 5 7 7 6 4 7 6 7 5 2
      Molecular biology . . 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 2
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 5 3 4 3 6 7 4 4 2 5
      Pharmacology and toxicology 8 4 2 8 7 7 6 5 1 11
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 3 3 8 5 3 4 3 7 6 3
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other 1 . 1 1 1 2 2 1 . 1
    Computer and information sciences 8 12 6 3 9 2 2 6 1 6
      Computer science 6 8 5 3 8 2 1 5 . 5
      Computer and information sciences, other 2 4 1 . 1 . 1 1 1 1
    Engineering 23 22 19 29 18 26 26 18 20 16
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 9 6 1 9 2 4 5 3 4 3
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 2 2 4 3 1 6 2 3 1 2
      Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering . . . . . . . 1 . .
      Electrical and computer engineering 1 3 2 5 6 6 9 3 3 7
      Industrial engineering and operations research . . . . . 1 . . . .
      Materials and mining engineering 1 2 1 1 3 . 1 2 . .
      Mechanical engineering 6 3 5 7 4 4 5 3 8 3
      Engineering, other 4 6 6 4 2 5 4 3 4 1
    Health sciences 25 26 27 28 26 31 24 22 23 34
      Nursing science 4 6 4 7 3 4 2 1 1 6
      Pharmaceutical sciences 5 7 7 4 8 9 11 6 6 11
      Public health 1 7 8 6 4 5 5 6 3 3
      Health sciences, other 15 6 8 11 11 13 6 9 13 14
    Mathematics and statistics 2 7 8 2 4 4 1 2 4 .
      Applied mathematics 1 . 2 . 1 . . 1 . .
      Statistics 1 4 4 1 . . 1 1 3 .
      Mathematics and statistics, other . 3 2 1 3 4 . . 1 .
    Physical sciences 15 10 17 23 18 20 14 18 14 12
      Chemistry 14 9 17 22 17 16 14 16 12 12
      Physics 1 1 . 1 1 4 . 2 2 .
    Psychology 21 18 27 19 13 20 17 23 12 23
      Clinical psychology 4 5 10 7 6 6 7 12 5 10
      Counseling and applied psychology 10 8 5 8 4 7 7 2 3 8
      Research and experimental psychology 7 5 10 3 3 2 3 4 3 5
      Psychology, other . . 2 1 . 5 . 5 1 .
    Social sciences 6 7 6 5 8 13 6 3 9 9
      Economics . . . . . . 1 . . .
      Political science and government . . . . . . . 1 1 .
      Public policy analysis 4 6 5 3 6 8 4 2 5 6
      Social sciences, other 2 1 1 2 2 5 1 . 3 3
  Non-science and engineering 37 40 36 38 42 35 46 34 41 42
    Business 2 4 1 3 5 4 3 3 10 4
      Business 2 4 1 3 5 4 3 3 10 4
    Education 29 24 22 30 24 23 20 14 9 16
      Education leadership and administration 4 4 7 6 4 3 4 3 4 9
      Education research 19 15 12 18 10 17 13 8 4 7
      Teacher education and teaching fields 2 1 2 2 6 . 1 2 . .
      Education, other 4 4 1 4 4 3 2 1 1 .
    Humanities and arts 2 4 2 2 4 2 9 9 8 9
      Letters . 2 . . 2 1 . 1 2 1
      History . . . . . . 1 . . 1
      Philosophy and religious studies . . . . . . . 1 . .
      Music and performing arts . . . . 1 . . . . .
      Humanities and arts, other 2 2 2 2 1 1 8 7 6 7
    Other non-science and engineering 4 8 11 3 9 6 14 8 14 13
      Communication 3 2 2 1 . . 3 1 3 6
      Public administration and social services 1 5 8 2 8 4 6 7 11 6
      Non-science and engineering, other . 1 1 . 1 2 5 . . 1

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
    Male 476 486 483 503 533 539 515 510 600 564
    Female 671 668 629 577 626 604 534 562 562 542
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 1,147 1,154 884 836 901 902 783 773 819 777
    Hispanic or Latino 72 66 62 45 45 37 24 25 33 30
    Not Hispanic or Latino 737 794 781 766 831 804 735 723 758 724
      American Indian or Alaska Native 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 3 5 5
      Asian 94 95 84 88 90 86 81 71 72 87
      Black or African American 95 115 117 100 102 97 80 78 78 74
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
      White 506 542 540 547 607 619 545 540 572 536
      More than one race 42 41 40 29 30 0 28 30 31 21
    Unknown ethnicity and race 338 294 41 25 25 61 24 25 28 23
  Temporary visa holders 0 0 228 244 258 241 266 299 343 329
  Science and engineering 792 795 784 822 866 904 846 921 1,000 951
    Science 626 620 612 611 658 697 690 776 803 773
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 253 258 272 268 274 302 299 240 304 282
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 17 18
      Computer and information sciences 69 52 39 31 31 29 44 68 79 77
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 5
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 27 30
      Mathematics and statistics 36 31 31 34 43 50 46 43 41 37
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 36 45 41 40 44 39 37 48 47 44
      Natural resources and conservation 12 9 18 17 17 17 15 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 70 72 67 67 83 94 95 92 86 82
      Psychology 107 108 94 110 114 115 103 108 90 83
      Social sciences 43 45 50 44 52 51 51 105 80 86
    Engineering 166 175 172 211 208 207 156 145 197 178
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 47 58 49 50 45 42 0 0 38 42
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 119 117 123 161 163 165 156 145 159 136
  Health 355 359 328 258 293 239 203 151 162 155
    Clinical medicine 64 60 53 44 44 39 34 25 33 34
    Other health 291 299 275 214 249 200 169 126 129 121

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
    Male 138 183 186 141 160 162 162 144 166 191
    Female 204 159 174 152 175 147 183 197 194 211
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 342 342 332 273 312 283 323 312 322 364
    Hispanic or Latino 24 25 17 14 15 12 10 17 9 19
    Not Hispanic or Latino 280 271 298 243 279 246 306 293 305 334
      American Indian or Alaska Native 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 0
      Asian 41 35 35 20 27 22 19 20 27 27
      Black or African American 51 47 49 27 32 27 35 38 36 43
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
      White 172 182 208 188 211 195 243 225 234 253
      More than one race 15 7 6 8 9 0 7 8 6 10
    Unknown ethnicity and race 38 46 17 16 18 25 7 2 8 11
  Temporary visa holders 0 0 28 20 23 26 22 29 38 38
  Science and engineering 267 282 291 227 258 229 249 267 297 329
    Science 202 182 196 160 185 163 178 238 250 272
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 38 39 43 39 51 35 36 23 38 51
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
      Computer and information sciences 47 42 38 28 28 31 30 22 35 36
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 21
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 8
      Mathematics and statistics 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 14 14 21
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 6 5 7 1 3 2 2 3 7 8
      Natural resources and conservation 5 5 5 11 11 7 11 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 18 19 23 7 16 11 8 11 14 13
      Psychology 42 26 42 34 21 15 25 17 31 33
      Social sciences 28 27 18 20 35 42 46 119 78 78
    Engineering 65 100 95 67 73 66 71 29 47 57
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 11 12 12 7 13 7 0 0 14 15
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 54 88 83 60 60 59 71 29 33 42
  Health 75 60 69 66 77 80 96 74 63 73
    Clinical medicine 13 11 13 8 9 13 12 11 16 17
    Other health 62 49 56 58 68 67 84 63 47 56

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2023–14
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All surveyed fields 144 219 357 261 166 185 172 102 162 130
  Science and engineering 132 191 192 188 160 167 157 100 161 127
    Science 77 132 109 96 84 112 115 77 135 115
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 32 72 66 46 50 60 88 31 75 59
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 6 9 12 1 1 0 1 1 3 1
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3
      Mathematics and statistics 1 1 3 0 2 2 0 0 1 2
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 6 10 9 5 4 1 2 7 3 5
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 2 0 5 2 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 11 11 2 9 6 11 7 9 11 11
      Psychology 21 29 15 32 13 32 14 15 31 22
      Social sciences 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 9 3 4
    Engineering 55 59 83 92 76 55 42 23 26 12
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 14 12 20 18 21 11 0 0 7 2
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 41 47 63 74 55 44 42 23 19 10
  Health 12 28 165 73 6 18 15 2 1 3
    Clinical medicine 4 4 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
    Other health 8 24 163 72 5 18 15 1 0 2

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2023–14
Type and primary source of support 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All types and sources of support 1,147 1,154 1,112 1,080 1,159 1,143 1,049 1,072 1,162 1,106
  Fellowships 26 16 14 32 20 24 42 0 30 52
    Federal 19 13 14 31 18 15 34 0 9 21
    Institutional 7 3 0 0 1 8 7 0 16 24
    Nonfederal 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 5 7
  Research assistantships 297 165 256 221 231 136 298 78 286 276
    Federal 118 137 188 154 142 97 120 49 141 101
    Institutional 166 26 65 59 68 28 166 29 126 146
    Nonfederal 13 2 3 8 21 11 12 0 19 29
  Teaching assistantships 191 139 138 113 183 159 160 63 140 169
    Federal 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 6 0 0
    Institutional 190 135 138 111 183 157 159 57 140 169
    Nonfederal 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
  Other types of support 633 834 704 714 725 824 549 931 706 609
    Federal 6 69 155 75 6 71 17 47 12 8
    Institutional 178 296 289 360 361 429 139 404 322 244
    Nonfederal 18 32 23 30 40 39 25 0 46 49
    Personal resources 431 437 237 249 318 285 368 480 326 308

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  Science and engineering 93 101 117 121 122 135 111 94 127 158
    Science 82 83 95 94 87 97 80 77 108 139
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 55 56 62 73 73 81 63 57 85 114
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 1
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 14 14 13 7 1 2 3 2 3 2
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 7 7 13 11 8 5 8 8 9 7
      Psychology 4 4 6 2 3 7 6 6 3 7
      Social sciences 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0
    Engineering 11 18 22 27 35 38 31 17 19 19
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 3 4 5 6 5 5 3 1 3 5
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 2 6 6 7 13 20 18 9 9 9
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 2 1 2 3 3 3 2 1 1 1
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 2 6 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 2 1 1 2 14 10 8 6 6 4
  Health 77 73 84 84 79 69 66 65 67 91
    Clinical medicine 38 33 42 37 33 27 32 38 42 66
    Other health 39 40 42 47 46 42 34 27 25 25

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2023–14
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All surveyed fields 117 114 123 113 103 132 112 110 130 169
  Science and engineering 64 71 73 70 70 96 78 71 93 115
    Science 54 57 58 55 46 67 63 65 85 105
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 37 39 37 41 37 53 48 46 65 88
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 7 9 7 4 1 2 3 1 2 0
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 5 5 9 8 5 5 6 8 8 6
      Psychology 4 3 5 2 3 7 6 6 3 5
      Social sciences 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0
    Engineering 10 14 15 15 24 29 15 6 8 10
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 3 4 5 6 5 5 3 1 3 3
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 2 4 5 5 8 15 7 2 2 3
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 2 4 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 2 1 1 1 10 7 5 3 3 4
  Health 53 43 50 43 33 36 34 39 37 54
    Clinical medicine 30 22 26 19 13 16 18 24 22 39
    Other health 23 21 24 24 20 20 16 15 15 15

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  All R&D fields 479,930 411,729 364,096 283,874 255,648 246,190 235,464 225,999 218,925 201,858
    Science 354,376 299,082 259,620 225,778 204,810 202,495 187,681 185,899 184,028 170,351
      Computer and information sciences 8,058 7,054 6,270 2,138 1,286 1,331 893 601 382 244
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 180 269 278 354 871 1,196 1,220 1,115 1,027 955
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 0 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geological and earth sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 180 164 278 354 871 1,196 1,220 1,115 1,027 955
      Life sciences 320,557 272,134 233,486 206,550 185,744 181,220 167,275 167,768 164,136 151,340
        Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Biological and biomedical sciences 81,364 72,528 72,971 53,656 50,240 46,022 46,806 49,583 48,445 47,807
        Health sciences 214,270 177,716 140,319 137,007 121,490 124,616 110,178 106,156 93,688 85,098
        Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Life sciences nec 24,923 21,890 20,196 15,887 14,014 10,582 10,291 12,029 22,003 18,435
      Mathematics and statistics 839 930 698 793 890 1,085 1,048 1,208 1,425 2,063
      Physical sciences 5,346 3,280 3,396 3,499 3,469 3,607 2,873 3,049 6,350 7,503
        Astronomy and astrophysics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Chemistry 3,645 1,733 2,017 2,250 2,383 2,287 1,945 1,668 4,982 6,094
        Materials science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Physics 1,701 1,547 1,379 1,249 1,086 1,320 928 1,381 1,368 1,409
        Physical sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Psychology 12,123 10,801 10,533 10,743 11,299 11,581 11,843 9,434 8,799 6,427
      Social sciences 7,273 4,614 4,959 1,701 1,251 2,475 2,529 2,724 1,909 1,819
        Anthropology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Economics 556 283 50 7 18 44 84 124 122 148
        Political science and government 6,717 4,331 4,898 1,543 1,099 2,280 2,254 2,515 1,698 1,671
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Social sciences nec 0 0 11 151 134 151 191 85 89 0
      Sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Engineering 29,609 30,518 32,233 29,811 26,072 20,262 23,146 16,251 12,384 7,189
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 5,780 6,117 6,629 5,114 3,733 3,492 3,514 2,074 1,276 852
      Chemical engineering 4,776 4,203 5,576 13,136 15,130 8,998 13,301 7,897 5,645 1,728
      Civil engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 5,874 8,914 7,133 1,947 1,919 1,722 1,853 1,581 1,329 1,670
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 6,613 7,000 6,655 4,327 3,590 4,089 4,281 0 2,806 1,984
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Engineering nec 6,566 4,284 6,240 5,287 1,700 1,961 197 4,699 1,328 955
    Non-S&E 95,945 82,129 72,243 28,285 24,766 23,433 24,637 23,849 22,513 24,318
      Business management and business administration 7,461 7,404 0 0 75 95 81 195 183 57
      Communication and communications technologies 64 57 17 18 11 2 27 30 88 82
      Education 27,287 27,416 23,357 22,720 20,002 18,745 20,516 17,539 16,712 19,134
      Humanities 17,221 16,501 18,381 1,290 2,139 1,328 168 1,672 1,199 496
      Law 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Social work 2,652 1,643 1,596 1,454 1,320 924 875 1,141 1,178 1,011
      Visual and performing arts 13,415 11,473 11,962 462 182 234 652 1,268 746 1,268
      Non-S&E nec 27,845 17,635 16,930 2,341 1,037 2,105 2,318 2,004 2,407 2,270

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2023
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields 479,930 184,852 47,846 207,023 22,681 17,458 70
    Science 354,376 154,340 35,386 127,822 21,283 15,496 49
      Computer and information sciences 8,058 1,799 47 5,918 0 294 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 180 59 0 41 0 80 0
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geological and earth sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 180 59 0 41 0 80 0
      Life sciences 320,557 139,106 33,163 112,916 20,938 14,385 49
        Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Biological and biomedical sciences 81,364 45,485 2,041 21,463 5,165 7,171 39
        Health sciences 214,270 81,161 30,887 80,174 15,746 6,292 10
        Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Life sciences nec 24,923 12,460 235 11,279 27 922 0
      Mathematics and statistics 839 574 4 163 0 98 0
      Physical sciences 5,346 3,547 79 1,143 183 394 0
        Astronomy and astrophysics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Chemistry 3,645 2,408 8 652 183 394 0
        Materials science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Physics 1,701 1,139 71 491 0 0 0
        Physical sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Psychology 12,123 8,509 1,742 1,704 114 54 0
      Social sciences 7,273 746 351 5,937 48 191 0
        Anthropology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Economics 556 188 0 319 0 49 0
        Political science and government 6,717 558 351 5,618 48 142 0
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Social sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Engineering 29,609 8,436 4,140 14,842 922 1,269 0
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 5,780 2,766 274 2,380 302 58 0
      Chemical engineering 4,776 1,466 79 2,899 296 36 0
      Civil engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 5,874 1,413 475 3,131 0 855 0
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 6,613 2,791 65 3,113 324 320 0
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Engineering nec 6,566 0 3,247 3,319 0 0 0
    Non-S&E 95,945 22,076 8,320 64,359 476 693 21
      Business management and business administration 7,461 0 0 7,461 0 0 0
      Communication and communications technologies 64 14 0 44 6 0 0
      Education 27,287 20,288 2,128 4,061 454 356 0
      Humanities 17,221 276 10 16,785 7 143 0
      Law 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Social work 2,652 441 1,064 1,059 9 79 0
      Visual and performing arts 13,415 8 4,710 8,604 0 72 21
      Non-S&E nec 27,845 1,049 408 26,345 0 43 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
Federal Agencies 184,852 169,450 160,995 152,751 142,293 140,363 147,585 143,701 142,447 138,559
  DOD 11,522 11,785 10,229 13,929 11,570 13,789 12,036 12,501 11,419 8,652
  DOE 1,708 1,991 2,032 2,231 2,312 2,433 2,264 1,415 1,605 2,168
  HHS 138,334 128,069 125,394 114,538 108,040 98,635 105,039 105,964 103,947 99,573
  NASA 885 840 720 545 416 315 390 238 297 335
  NSF 6,997 7,331 7,003 7,586 5,709 5,738 5,592 5,490 5,518 6,593
  USDA 1,064 1,377 554 86 58 129 235 420 475 470
  Other 24,342 18,057 15,063 13,836 14,188 19,324 22,029 17,673 19,186 20,768

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2023–17 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2023 . . . .
2022 . . . .
2021 . . . .
2020 . . . .
2019 3,206 654 2,552 .
2018 3,285 628 2,657 .
2017 3,631 551 3,080 .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space 2,454 2,395 2,311 2,339 2,379
    Agricultural sciences 303 328 308 334 341
    Biological and biomedical sciences 546 561 512 525 518
    Computer and information sciences 34 24 17 17 14
    Engineering 299 229 207 193 184
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 210 183 194 198 184
    Health sciences 459 439 444 448 484
    Mathematics and statistics 16 3 3 2 2
    Natural resources and conservation 56 53 43 49 75
    Physical sciences 397 421 433 428 430
    Psychology 23 42 36 34 37
    Social sciences 48 42 41 33 37
    Other 62 70 72 78 73

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 150,000 68,003 73,655 95,747 .
    Biological and biomedical sciences 0 2,185 0 0 .
    Computer and information sciences 0 508 0 0 .
    Engineering 0 0 7,564 79,347 .
    Health sciences 150,000 9,272 29,734 16,400 .
    Physical sciences 0 50,529 36,357 0 .
    Other 0 5,509 0 0 .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 143,160 18,934 23,859 30,697 21,000
    Agricultural sciences 96,455 0 3,619 316 620
    Biological and biomedical sciences 290 2,582 0 2,972 2,364
    Computer and information sciences 0 2,270 0 1,503 0
    Engineering 18,730 1,596 566 0 0
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 328 2,669 786 0 814
    Health sciences 24,300 4,095 1,017 25,198 15,400
    Mathematics and statistics 0 450 0 0 0
    Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 500
    Physical sciences 0 3,095 17,253 329 1,302
    Psychology 0 0 0 0 0
    Social sciences 0 0 617 379 0
    Other 3,058 2,177 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

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