Rankings

Data year	Earned doctorates			Full-time graduate students			Total R&D expenditures			Research space
	Rank	Percentile	Institutions ranked	Rank	Percentile	Institutions ranked	Rank	Percentile	Institutions ranked	Rank	Percentile	Institutions ranked
2024	145	68.9	459	172	73.1	631
2023	149	68	459	171	75.2	679
2022	127	72.6	457	159	77	680
2021	131	71.1	447	152	78.3	691
2020	125	72.7	450	140	80.3	698
2019	137	69.8	447	135	80.9	697
2018	129	70.3	428	130	81.7	700
2017	130	69.9	425	120	82.8	684
2016	132	69.8	430	121	82.9	697
2015	140	67.6	426	119	83.1	693

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2024–15

Fields	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
All fields	108	100	124	116	134	113	124	120	119	108
Science and engineering	76	67	88	82	83	82	90	75	66	69
Agricultural sciences and natural resources	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	1	2	.
Natural resources and conservation	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	1	2	.
Biological and biomedical sciences	9	2	8	3	3	1	9	2	3	5
Biochemistry and biophysics	.	.	1	.	.	.	2	.	.	1
Biology and biomedical sciences, general	3	1	3	1	2	1	2	1	2	.
Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology	.	.	.	.	.	.	1	.	1	.
Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy	1	.	1	1	.	.	1	.	.	.
Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology	1	.	.	.	1	.	1	.	.	1
Microbiology and immunology	1	.	1	1	.	.	.	1	.	.
Molecular biology	.	.	.	.	.	.	1	.	.	.
Neurobiology and neurosciences	2	.	2	.	.	.	1	.	.	1
Pharmacology and toxicology	.	1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	1
Biology and biomedical sciences, other	1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	1
Computer and information sciences	.	2	2	6	9	8	7	2	3	.
Computer science	.	2	1	5	9	7	7	2	3	.
Computer and information sciences, other	.	.	1	1	.	1	.	.	.	.
Engineering	18	18	22	19	18	21	12	10	13	10
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	1	2	1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering	.	.	.	.	.	1	.	.	.	.
Chemical and petroleum engineering	6	2	.	.	1	2	1	.	1	.
Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering	3	3	7	5	2	4	3	1	1	.
Electrical and computer engineering	3	4	8	7	4	6	7	5	6	4
Industrial engineering and operations research	2	3	3	4	3	2	.	1	2	1
Materials and mining engineering	1	1	.	1	.	.	.	.	.	.
Mechanical engineering	2	2	2	2	6	4	1	3	2	3
Engineering, other	.	1	1	.	2	2	.	.	1	2
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	3	3	5	6	2	4	3	2	1	4
Geological sciences	3	3	4	4	2	4	3	1	.	3
Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences	.	.	1	2	.	.	.	1	1	1
Health sciences	8	1	7	8	7	4	7	3	5	5
Public health	1	1	1	1	.	.	.	1	1	1
Health sciences, other	7	.	6	7	7	4	7	2	4	4
Mathematics and statistics	4	9	5	8	4	7	12	5	6	6
Applied mathematics	1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	1
Mathematics	.	.	.	1	.	.	1	.	.	1
Statistics	3	6	3	2	.	2	5	2	.	1
Mathematics and statistics, other	.	3	2	5	4	5	6	3	6	3
Physical sciences	3	4	5	5	9	4	6	9	5	7
Astronomy and astrophysics	1	1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Chemistry	2	1	4	3	4	2	5	6	4	4
Physics	.	2	1	2	5	2	1	3	1	3
Psychology	24	16	19	19	24	21	25	27	18	20
Clinical psychology	9	4	3	4	7	6	4	6	4	2
Counseling and applied psychology	14	11	14	13	6	12	19	19	12	14
Research and experimental psychology	1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Psychology, other	.	1	2	2	11	3	2	2	2	4
Social sciences	7	12	15	8	7	12	9	14	10	12
Economics	3	4	8	5	1	5	3	8	3	4
Political science and government	1	1	3	.	1	1	4	3	1	3
Public policy analysis	.	.	.	1	1	2	.	.	.	.
Sociology, demography, and population studies	.	3	4	1	3	4	2	3	3	3
Social sciences, other	3	4	.	1	1	.	.	.	3	2
Non-science and engineering	32	33	36	34	51	31	34	45	53	39
Business	.	.	1	2	.	.	.	1	3	.
Business	.	.	1	2	.	.	.	1	3	.
Education	25	29	27	25	39	21	26	31	41	32
Education leadership and administration	7	12	12	14	23	11	8	13	19	14
Education research	11	10	8	5	11	8	8	10	11	8
Teacher education and teaching fields	6	5	6	5	4	2	9	7	6	9
Education, other	1	2	1	1	1	.	1	1	5	1
Humanities and arts	4	3	6	2	9	4	4	10	9	6
Letters	3	3	3	1	6	2	3	3	6	5
Foreign languages and literature	1	.	2	.	.	2	.	2	1	1
History	.	.	1	1	3	.	1	5	2	.
Philosophy and religious studies	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Other non-science and engineering	3	1	2	5	3	6	4	3	.	1
Public administration and social services	2	.	1	3	3	4	.	3	.	1
Non-science and engineering, other	1	1	1	2	.	2	4	.	.	.

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15

All races	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		2015
U.S. citizens and permanent residents	492		489		512		569		652		630		615		647		737		731
Hispanic or Latino	43		40		41		48		49		52		42		32		39		34
Not Hispanic or Latino	440		439		462		509		593		569		565		608		691		684
American Indian or Alaska Native	2		3		2		2		2		2		2		1		2		2
Asian	28		29		27		21		24		24		27		20		23		25
Black or African American	53		47		50		51		66		59		60		66		73		68
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		1		1		1
White	344		350		369		419		481		462		456		505		571		565
More than one race	13		10		14		16		20		22		20		15		21		23
Unknown ethnicity and race	9		10		9		12		10		9		8		7		7		13
Temporary visa holders	401		434		412		353		326		389		458		527		571		608
Science and engineering	789		825		835		817		867		900		963		1,055		1,205		1,261
Science	635		659		643		609		636		648		647		695		820		860
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Biological and biomedical sciences	80		70		62		63		71		76		74		71		75		67
Communication	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		16		17
Computer and information sciences	118		117		78		66		49		63		58		58		61		76
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	28		28		28		30		37		30		33		44		37		44
Mathematics and statistics	42		40		47		48		63		65		65		76		88		90
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences	75		84		58		32		18		16		4		0		0		0
Natural resources and conservation	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Physical sciences	44		45		46		53		48		54		43		47		59		53
Psychology	172		195		223		213		242		263		276		296		303		303
Social sciences	76		80		101		104		108		81		94		103		181		210
Engineering	154		166		192		208		231		252		316		360		385		401
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	13		13		14		11		11		7		6		7		11		3
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	0		0		6		4		6		3		0		0		0		0
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	14		14		13		14		19		21		19		11		12		9
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	31		24		35		36		33		36		45		58		52		68
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	34		26		28		32		56		55		57		63		88		133
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	21		29		44		51		37		70		118		140		108		90
Mechanical engineering	35		46		41		42		55		55		64		73		78		70
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		9		11
Other engineering	6		14		11		18		14		5		7		8		27		17
Health	104		98		89		105		111		119		110		119		103		78
Clinical medicine	10		14		15		15		22		33		39		41		44		16
Other health	94		84		74		90		89		86		71		78		59		62

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15

All races	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		2015
U.S. citizens and permanent residents	95		71		93		130		122		185		206		231		296		293
Hispanic or Latino	8		6		6		13		7		8		18		14		14		15
Not Hispanic or Latino	84		65		87		117		115		176		187		214		280		273
American Indian or Alaska Native	1		1		2		1		1		2		2		1		2		2
Asian	1		1		2		4		5		7		3		5		6		7
Black or African American	11		8		8		14		20		27		30		27		32		32
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		1
White	69		53		72		95		87		139		150		174		234		226
More than one race	2		2		3		3		2		1		2		7		6		5
Unknown ethnicity and race	3		0		0		0		0		1		1		3		2		5
Temporary visa holders	26		17		21		16		44		107		171		129		105		86
Science and engineering	99		76		91		120		142		276		348		342		379		362
Science	71		59		62		86		86		160		207		230		278		285
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Biological and biomedical sciences	6		8		6		8		3		7		10		15		13		11
Communication	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		6		6
Computer and information sciences	16		8		4		7		11		19		32		31		25		20
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	1		4		6		9		7		15		24		24		17		18
Mathematics and statistics	4		1		1		6		1		6		4		15		8		12
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences	7		7		4		2		3		1		1		0		0		0
Natural resources and conservation	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Physical sciences	0		0		1		2		4		6		18		13		5		10
Psychology	28		29		37		48		49		74		83		96		81		87
Social sciences	9		2		3		4		8		32		35		36		123		121
Engineering	28		17		29		34		56		116		141		112		101		77
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	1		1		0		1		3		0		1		2		1		1
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	2		0		2		3		2		5		6		13		2		2
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	2		3		1		0		0		11		19		14		11		2
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	5		0		3		7		10		19		32		30		32		35
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	6		7		8		5		29		45		47		28		21		9
Mechanical engineering	12		6		15		18		12		32		32		23		28		18
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		3		5
Other engineering	0		0		0		0		0		4		4		2		3		5
Health	22		12		23		26		24		16		29		18		22		17
Clinical medicine	8		8		9		15		4		2		1		1		22		17
Other health	14		4		14		11		20		14		28		17		0		0

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2024–15

Field	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		2015
All surveyed fields	29		32		37		32		22		20		12		10		12		11
Science and engineering	29		32		36		31		22		20		12		10		12		11
Science	20		17		22		21		15		17		9		7		7		2
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Biological and biomedical sciences	3		3		3		1		1		1		0		1		0		0
Communication	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Computer and information sciences	2		1		0		1		1		0		0		1		3		1
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	4		1		1		1		1		1		2		0		0		0
Mathematics and statistics	0		0		0		0		0		0		1		0		1		0
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Natural resources and conservation	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Physical sciences	3		1		2		6		4		5		2		3		1		0
Psychology	1		4		10		8		8		6		4		2		2		1
Social sciences	7		7		6		4		0		4		0		0		0		0
Engineering	9		15		14		10		7		3		3		3		5		9
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	0		1		1		2		0		0		0		0		2		0
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	3		1		1		1		1		0		0		0		1		1
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	1		0		1		2		0		1		1		1		0		4
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	3		3		3		2		2		0		1		0		0		0
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		1		0		0
Mechanical engineering	2		5		5		1		1		2		1		1		1		3
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Other engineering	0		5		3		2		3		0		0		0		1		1
Health	0		0		1		1		0		0		0		0		0		0
Clinical medicine	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Other health	0		0		1		1		0		0		0		0		0		0

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2024–15

Type and primary source of support	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		2015
All types and sources of support	893		923		924		922		978		1,019		1,073		1,174		1,308		1,339
Fellowships	15		14		20		18		17		22		7		6		11		12
Federal	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Institutional	12		13		17		13		11		17		1		0		1		3
Nonfederal	3		1		3		5		6		5		6		6		10		9
Research assistantships	98		90		99		100		78		89		88		104		118		106
Federal	20		22		27		23		18		10		8		10		11		11
Institutional	63		52		59		64		49		76		68		73		85		90
Nonfederal	15		16		13		13		11		3		12		21		22		5
Teaching assistantships	265		264		273		282		313		322		303		304		351		237
Federal	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Institutional	265		264		273		282		313		322		303		304		351		232
Nonfederal	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		5
Other types of support	515		555		532		522		570		586		675		760		828		984
Federal	9		10		10		9		4		10		4		0		1		0
Institutional	81		28		28		24		35		37		38		33		15		5
Nonfederal	22		24		27		23		6		53		9		4		1		2
Personal resources	403		493		467		466		525		486		624		723		811		977

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15

All races	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		2015
Science and engineering	11		13		7		9		8		8		3		3		5		8
Science	4		5		3		5		7		5		1		1		2		5
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Biological and biomedical sciences	2		2		2		4		4		4		1		0		0		1
Communication	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Computer and information sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	1		1		1		0		1		0		0		0		0		1
Mathematics and statistics	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Natural resources and conservation	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Physical sciences	0		1		0		1		2		1		0		1		2		3
Psychology	1		1		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Social sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Engineering	7		8		4		4		1		3		2		2		3		3
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	0		1		0		0		0		0		0		0		1		0
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	4		4		2		2		0		0		0		0		0		1
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	1		1		1		1		0		0		0		1		0		0
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	0		0		0		0		0		1		1		1		1		1
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		1		0
Mechanical engineering	2		2		1		1		1		2		1		0		0		1
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Other engineering	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Health	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Clinical medicine	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Other health	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2024–15

Field	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		2015
All surveyed fields	4		7		3		4		6		6		1		1		2		0
Science and engineering	4		7		3		4		6		6		1		1		2		0
Science	1		2		1		3		5		4		0		0		0		0
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Biological and biomedical sciences	0		0		0		2		3		3		0		0		0		0
Communication	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Computer and information sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	1		1		1		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Mathematics and statistics	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Natural resources and conservation	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Physical sciences	0		1		0		1		2		1		0		0		0		0
Psychology	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Social sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Engineering	3		5		2		1		1		2		1		1		2		0
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	0		1		0		0		0		0		0		0		1		0
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	2		3		2		1		0		0		0		0		0		0
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		1		0		0
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		1		0
Mechanical engineering	1		1		0		0		1		2		1		0		0		0
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Other engineering	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Health	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Clinical medicine	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Other health	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0