Rankings

Data year	Earned doctorates			Full-time graduate students						Total R&D expenditures
	Rank	Percentile	Institutions ranked	Rank	Percentile	Institutions ranked	Rank	Percentile	Institutions ranked	Rank	Percentile	Institutions ranked
2023	150	67.8	459	171	75.2	679
2022	127	72.6	457	159	77	680
2021	131	71.1	447	152	78.3	691
2020	125	72.7	450	140	80.3	698
2019	137	69.8	447	135	80.9	697
2018	129	70.3	428	130	81.7	700
2017	130	69.9	425	120	82.8	684
2016	132	69.8	430	121	82.9	697
2015	140	67.6	426	119	83.1	693
2014	131	69.4	422	114	83.7	688

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2023–14

Fields	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014
All fields	100	124	116	134	113	124	120	119	108	118
Science and engineering	67	88	82	83	82	90	75	66	69	58
Agricultural sciences and natural resources	.	.	.	.	.	.	1	2	.	.
Natural resources and conservation	.	.	.	.	.	.	1	2	.	.
Biological and biomedical sciences	2	8	3	3	1	9	2	3	5	7
Biochemistry and biophysics	.	1	.	.	.	2	.	.	1	1
Biology and biomedical sciences, general	1	3	1	2	1	2	1	2	.	5
Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology	.	.	.	.	.	1	.	1	.	.
Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy	.	1	1	.	.	1	.	.	.	.
Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology	.	.	.	1	.	1	.	.	1	1
Microbiology and immunology	.	1	1	.	.	.	1	.	.	.
Molecular biology	.	.	.	.	.	1	.	.	.	.
Neurobiology and neurosciences	.	2	.	.	.	1	.	.	1	.
Pharmacology and toxicology	1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	1	.
Biology and biomedical sciences, other	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	1	.
Computer and information sciences	2	2	6	9	8	7	2	3	.	3
Computer science	2	1	5	9	7	7	2	3	.	3
Computer and information sciences, other	.	1	1	.	1	.	.	.	.	.
Engineering	18	22	19	18	21	12	10	13	10	5
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	2	1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering	.	.	.	.	1	.	.	.	.	.
Chemical and petroleum engineering	2	.	.	1	2	1	.	1	.	1
Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering	3	7	5	2	4	3	1	1	.	.
Electrical and computer engineering	4	8	7	4	6	7	5	6	4	1
Industrial engineering and operations research	3	3	4	3	2	.	1	2	1	.
Materials and mining engineering	1	.	1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Mechanical engineering	2	2	2	6	4	1	3	2	3	2
Engineering, other	1	1	.	2	2	.	.	1	2	1
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	3	5	6	2	4	3	2	1	4	.
Geological sciences	3	4	4	2	4	3	1	.	3	.
Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences	.	1	2	.	.	.	1	1	1	.
Health sciences	1	7	8	7	4	7	3	5	5	3
Public health	1	1	1	.	.	.	1	1	1	.
Health sciences, other	.	6	7	7	4	7	2	4	4	3
Mathematics and statistics	9	5	8	4	7	12	5	6	6	8
Applied mathematics	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	1	.
Mathematics	.	.	1	.	.	1	.	.	1	.
Statistics	6	3	2	.	2	5	2	.	1	2
Mathematics and statistics, other	3	2	5	4	5	6	3	6	3	6
Physical sciences	4	5	5	9	4	6	9	5	7	9
Astronomy and astrophysics	1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Chemistry	1	4	3	4	2	5	6	4	4	6
Physics	2	1	2	5	2	1	3	1	3	3
Psychology	16	19	19	24	21	25	27	18	20	13
Clinical psychology	4	3	4	7	6	4	6	4	2	2
Counseling and applied psychology	11	14	13	6	12	19	19	12	14	3
Psychology, other	1	2	2	11	3	2	2	2	4	8
Social sciences	12	15	8	7	12	9	14	10	12	10
Economics	4	8	5	1	5	3	8	3	4	2
Political science and government	1	3	.	1	1	4	3	1	3	4
Public policy analysis	.	.	1	1	2	.	.	.	.	1
Sociology, demography, and population studies	3	4	1	3	4	2	3	3	3	1
Social sciences, other	4	.	1	1	.	.	.	3	2	2
Non-science and engineering	33	36	34	51	31	34	45	53	39	60
Business	.	1	2	.	.	.	1	3	.	.
Business	.	1	2	.	.	.	1	3	.	.
Education	29	27	25	39	21	26	31	41	32	43
Education leadership and administration	12	12	14	23	11	8	13	19	14	24
Education research	10	8	5	11	8	8	10	11	8	11
Teacher education and teaching fields	5	6	5	4	2	9	7	6	9	8
Education, other	2	1	1	1	.	1	1	5	1	.
Humanities and arts	3	6	2	9	4	4	10	9	6	12
Letters	3	3	1	6	2	3	3	6	5	9
Foreign languages and literature	.	2	.	.	2	.	2	1	1	1
History	.	1	1	3	.	1	5	2	.	1
Philosophy and religious studies	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	1
Other non-science and engineering	1	2	5	3	6	4	3	.	1	5
Public administration and social services	.	1	3	3	4	.	3	.	1	5
Non-science and engineering, other	1	1	2	.	2	4	.	.	.	.

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14

All races	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		2015		2014
Male	439		429		458		485		502		576		659		709		757		781
Female	484		495		464		493		517		497		515		599		582		568
U.S. citizens and permanent residents	489		512		569		652		630		615		647		737		731		725
Hispanic or Latino	40		41		48		49		52		42		32		39		34		31
Not Hispanic or Latino	439		462		509		593		569		565		608		691		684		685
American Indian or Alaska Native	3		2		2		2		2		2		1		2		2		2
Asian	29		27		21		24		24		27		20		23		25		17
Black or African American	47		50		51		66		59		60		66		73		68		63
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0		0		0		0		0		0		1		1		1		1
White	350		369		419		481		462		456		505		571		565		582
More than one race	10		14		16		20		22		20		15		21		23		20
Unknown ethnicity and race	10		9		12		10		9		8		7		7		13		9
Temporary visa holders	434		412		353		326		389		458		527		571		608		624
Science and engineering	825		835		817		867		900		963		1,055		1,205		1,261		1,271
Science	659		643		609		636		648		647		695		820		860		893
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Biological and biomedical sciences	70		62		63		71		76		74		71		75		67		61
Communication	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		16		17		14
Computer and information sciences	117		78		66		49		63		58		58		61		76		97
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	28		28		30		37		30		33		44		37		44		47
Mathematics and statistics	40		47		48		63		65		65		76		88		90		98
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences	84		58		32		18		16		4		0		0		0		0
Natural resources and conservation	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Physical sciences	45		46		53		48		54		43		47		59		53		68
Psychology	195		223		213		242		263		276		296		303		303		269
Social sciences	80		101		104		108		81		94		103		181		210		239
Engineering	166		192		208		231		252		316		360		385		401		378
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	13		14		11		11		7		6		7		11		3		0
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	0		6		4		6		3		0		0		0		0		0
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	14		13		14		19		21		19		11		12		9		13
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	24		35		36		33		36		45		58		52		68		70
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	26		28		32		56		55		57		63		88		133		150
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	29		44		51		37		70		118		140		108		90		52
Mechanical engineering	46		41		42		55		55		64		73		78		70		70
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		9		11		12
Other engineering	14		11		18		14		5		7		8		27		17		11
Health	98		89		105		111		119		110		119		103		78		78
Clinical medicine	14		15		15		22		33		39		41		44		16		17
Other health	84		74		90		89		86		71		78		59		62		61

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14

All races	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		2015		2014
Male	39		49		64		82		179		225		206		236		210		192
Female	49		65		82		84		113		152		154		165		169		195
U.S. citizens and permanent residents	71		93		130		122		185		206		231		296		293		329
Hispanic or Latino	6		6		13		7		8		18		14		14		15		13
Not Hispanic or Latino	65		87		117		115		176		187		214		280		273		309
American Indian or Alaska Native	1		2		1		1		2		2		1		2		2		2
Asian	1		2		4		5		7		3		5		6		7		12
Black or African American	8		8		14		20		27		30		27		32		32		41
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		1		0
White	53		72		95		87		139		150		174		234		226		248
More than one race	2		3		3		2		1		2		7		6		5		6
Unknown ethnicity and race	0		0		0		0		1		1		3		2		5		7
Temporary visa holders	17		21		16		44		107		171		129		105		86		58
Science and engineering	76		91		120		142		276		348		342		379		362		366
Science	59		62		86		86		160		207		230		278		285		300
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Biological and biomedical sciences	8		6		8		3		7		10		15		13		11		14
Communication	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		6		6		8
Computer and information sciences	8		4		7		11		19		32		31		25		20		16
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	4		6		9		7		15		24		24		17		18		17
Mathematics and statistics	1		1		6		1		6		4		15		8		12		11
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences	7		4		2		3		1		1		0		0		0		0
Natural resources and conservation	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Physical sciences	0		1		2		4		6		18		13		5		10		9
Psychology	29		37		48		49		74		83		96		81		87		97
Social sciences	2		3		4		8		32		35		36		123		121		128
Engineering	17		29		34		56		116		141		112		101		77		66
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	1		0		1		3		0		1		2		1		1		0
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	0		2		3		2		5		6		13		2		2		0
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	3		1		0		0		11		19		14		11		2		5
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	0		3		7		10		19		32		30		32		35		24
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	7		8		5		29		45		47		28		21		9		13
Mechanical engineering	6		15		18		12		32		32		23		28		18		20
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		3		5		3
Other engineering	0		0		0		0		4		4		2		3		5		1
Health	12		23		26		24		16		29		18		22		17		21
Clinical medicine	8		9		15		4		2		1		1		22		17		21
Other health	4		14		11		20		14		28		17		0		0		0

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2023–14

Field	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		2015		2014
All surveyed fields	32		37		32		22		20		12		10		12		11		6
Science and engineering	32		36		31		22		20		12		10		12		11		6
Science	17		22		21		15		17		9		7		7		2		3
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Biological and biomedical sciences	3		3		1		1		1		0		1		0		0		0
Communication	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Computer and information sciences	1		0		1		1		0		0		1		3		1		0
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	1		1		1		1		1		2		0		0		0		1
Mathematics and statistics	0		0		0		0		0		1		0		1		0		0
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Natural resources and conservation	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Physical sciences	1		2		6		4		5		2		3		1		0		2
Psychology	4		10		8		8		6		4		2		2		1		0
Social sciences	7		6		4		0		4		0		0		0		0		0
Engineering	15		14		10		7		3		3		3		5		9		3
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	1		1		2		0		0		0		0		2		0		0
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	1		1		1		1		0		0		0		1		1		0
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	0		1		2		0		1		1		1		0		4		0
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	3		3		2		2		0		1		0		0		0		0
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	0		0		0		0		0		0		1		0		0		0
Mechanical engineering	5		5		1		1		2		1		1		1		3		3
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Other engineering	5		3		2		3		0		0		0		1		1		0
Health	0		1		1		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Clinical medicine	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Other health	0		1		1		0		0		0		0		0		0		0

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2023–14

Type and primary source of support	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		2015		2014
All types and sources of support	923		924		922		978		1,019		1,073		1,174		1,308		1,339		1,349
Fellowships	14		20		18		17		22		7		6		11		12		9
Federal	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Institutional	13		17		13		11		17		1		0		1		3		1
Nonfederal	1		3		5		6		5		6		6		10		9		8
Research assistantships	90		99		100		78		89		88		104		118		106		97
Federal	22		27		23		18		10		8		10		11		11		5
Institutional	52		59		64		49		76		68		73		85		90		90
Nonfederal	16		13		13		11		3		12		21		22		5		2
Teaching assistantships	264		273		282		313		322		303		304		351		237		217
Federal	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Institutional	264		273		282		313		322		303		304		351		232		217
Nonfederal	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		5		0
Other types of support	555		532		522		570		586		675		760		828		984		1,026
Federal	10		10		9		4		10		4		0		1		0		1
Institutional	28		28		24		35		37		38		33		15		5		28
Nonfederal	24		27		23		6		53		9		4		1		2		0
Personal resources	493		467		466		525		486		624		723		811		977		997

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14

All races	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		2015		2014
Science and engineering	13		7		9		8		8		3		3		5		8		7
Science	5		3		5		7		5		1		1		2		5		3
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Biological and biomedical sciences	2		2		4		4		4		1		0		0		1		1
Communication	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Computer and information sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	1		1		0		1		0		0		0		0		1		0
Mathematics and statistics	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Natural resources and conservation	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Physical sciences	1		0		1		2		1		0		1		2		3		2
Psychology	1		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Social sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Engineering	8		4		4		1		3		2		2		3		3		4
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	1		0		0		0		0		0		0		1		0		0
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	4		2		2		0		0		0		0		0		1		0
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	1		1		1		0		0		0		1		0		0		0
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	0		0		0		0		1		1		1		1		1		0
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		1		0		1
Mechanical engineering	2		1		1		1		2		1		0		0		1		2
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		1
Other engineering	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Health	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Clinical medicine	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Other health	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2023–14

Field	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		2015		2014
All surveyed fields	7		3		4		6		6		1		1		2		0		3
Science and engineering	7		3		4		6		6		1		1		2		0		3
Science	2		1		3		5		4		0		0		0		0		3
Agricultural and veterinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Biological and biomedical sciences	0		0		2		3		3		0		0		0		0		1
Communication	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Computer and information sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	1		1		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Mathematics and statistics	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Natural resources and conservation	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Physical sciences	1		0		1		2		1		0		0		0		0		2
Psychology	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Social sciences	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Engineering	5		2		1		1		2		1		1		2		0		0
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering	1		0		0		0		0		0		0		1		0		0
Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering	3		2		1		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields	0		0		0		0		0		0		1		0		0		0
Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		1		0		0
Mechanical engineering	1		0		0		1		2		1		0		0		0		0
Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Other engineering	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Health	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Clinical medicine	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Other health	0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0		0