Yale U.

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2023 38 92 459 73 89.5 679 17 97.4 602 20 97.9 914
2022 39 91.8 457 70 89.9 680 21 97.8 900
2021 33 92.9 447 70 90.1 691 16 97.4 583 15 98.5 908
2020 35 92.5 450 66 90.8 698 17 98.3 916
2019 35 92.4 447 62 91.3 697 16 97.5 589 16 98.4 914
2018 37 91.6 428 72 89.9 700 15 98.5 911
2017 43 90.2 425 69 90.1 684 17 97.2 575 15 98.4 898
2016 40 91 430 70 90.2 697 18 98.1 896
2015 38 91.4 426 72 89.8 693 17 97.2 570 21 97.8 898
2014 41 90.6 422 72 89.8 688 22 97.7 889
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2023–14
Fields 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All fields 442 424 410 423 415 410 379 407 420 403
  Science and engineering 348 332 325 320 314 294 270 284 311 288
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources 2 6 8 5 5 3 3 5 4 3
      Agricultural sciences 1 1 . . . . 1 . . .
      Natural resources and conservation 1 5 8 5 5 3 2 5 4 3
    Biological and biomedical sciences 116 117 108 121 109 104 90 104 117 99
      Biochemistry and biophysics 13 8 6 20 16 14 7 19 16 12
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 6 5 9 6 6 6 2 7 2 1
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 7 13 10 8 8 13 10 7 5 6
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy . 4 2 12 12 10 8 7 16 12
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 13 14 13 10 9 10 12 15 14 8
      Genetics and genomics 11 12 8 8 7 5 4 9 18 17
      Microbiology and immunology 21 16 16 19 16 16 11 12 16 15
      Molecular biology 12 9 17 6 3 8 6 7 10 7
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 19 19 10 18 19 15 19 13 13 11
      Pharmacology and toxicology 3 3 7 2 2 1 2 3 1 .
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 9 8 9 11 7 6 6 4 4 10
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other 2 6 1 1 4 . 3 1 2 .
    Computer and information sciences 9 6 11 4 5 2 7 10 6 6
      Computer science 6 6 9 4 5 2 7 10 6 6
      Computer and information sciences, other 3 . 2 . . . . . . .
    Engineering 47 40 35 34 27 36 27 25 29 27
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 14 15 10 14 7 12 10 10 6 4
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 6 4 7 4 6 5 4 6 9 4
      Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering 5 3 6 4 7 5 4 . 4 3
      Electrical and computer engineering 11 9 5 5 4 5 3 3 4 7
      Industrial engineering and operations research . . . . . 1 . . . .
      Materials and mining engineering 2 2 4 5 . 3 . 3 1 2
      Mechanical engineering 8 5 2 . 2 5 6 2 3 6
      Engineering, other 1 2 1 2 1 . . 1 2 1
    Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 7 11 6 5 14 14 8 6 15 8
      Geological sciences 5 9 4 4 9 8 7 6 11 8
      Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences 2 2 2 1 5 6 1 . 4 .
    Health sciences 10 12 5 8 7 6 8 10 8 8
      Nursing science 5 2 1 3 1 3 4 3 6 3
      Public health 4 5 3 4 5 2 4 7 1 3
      Health sciences, other 1 5 1 1 1 1 . . 1 2
    Mathematics and statistics 6 10 10 7 10 11 9 10 13 8
      Applied mathematics . . 1 1 4 . 4 2 3 4
      Mathematics 1 . . 3 1 4 2 3 5 3
      Statistics 2 6 4 1 1 3 . 1 3 .
      Mathematics and statistics, other 3 4 5 2 4 4 3 4 2 1
    Physical sciences 66 61 59 60 56 54 49 45 37 47
      Astronomy and astrophysics 4 8 8 5 3 4 7 5 2 3
      Chemistry 38 27 28 22 36 24 26 17 21 21
      Physics 24 26 23 33 17 26 16 23 14 23
    Psychology 14 14 16 11 12 13 16 10 8 20
      Clinical psychology 2 3 3 6 3 . 4 2 3 7
      Research and experimental psychology 9 8 10 4 9 12 10 8 5 12
      Psychology, other 3 3 3 1 . 1 2 . . 1
    Social sciences 71 55 67 65 69 51 53 59 74 62
      Anthropology 6 4 7 8 3 10 10 5 10 3
      Economics 23 17 22 16 24 13 11 21 20 25
      Political science and government 21 12 14 21 16 9 12 16 16 17
      Public policy analysis . . . . 2 . 3 . 1 1
      Sociology, demography, and population studies 7 6 9 5 8 8 6 7 10 3
      Social sciences, other 14 16 15 15 16 11 11 10 17 13
  Non-science and engineering 94 92 85 103 101 116 109 123 109 115
    Business 12 8 14 5 7 14 5 10 10 6
      Business 12 8 14 5 7 14 5 10 10 6
    Humanities and arts 74 70 60 90 85 90 95 104 84 98
      Letters 15 10 15 13 12 11 17 23 12 16
      Foreign languages and literature 14 7 10 13 20 17 16 16 12 26
      History 15 15 11 23 15 26 26 29 21 30
      Philosophy and religious studies 8 12 8 12 9 13 10 11 16 5
      Music and performing arts 5 8 9 7 10 9 8 5 6 8
      Humanities and arts, other 17 18 7 22 19 14 18 20 17 13
    Other non-science and engineering 8 14 11 8 9 12 9 9 15 11
      Communication . . . 1 . . 1 . 1 .
      Non-science and engineering, other 8 14 11 7 9 12 8 9 14 11

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
    Male 1,224 1,198 1,197 1,108 1,203 1,090 1,113 1,152 1,112 1,107
    Female 1,268 1,202 1,087 984 1,013 913 922 971 956 944
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 1,305 1,273 1,404 1,171 1,271 1,169 1,196 1,293 1,279 1,276
    Hispanic or Latino 197 171 136 120 133 1 38 112 97 92
    Not Hispanic or Latino 1,096 1,097 1,258 1,039 1,125 1,168 1,103 1,171 1,164 1,159
      American Indian or Alaska Native 3 2 12 13 13 18 0 3 1 1
      Asian 235 221 375 199 228 217 160 167 145 147
      Black or African American 89 87 83 57 70 87 56 58 53 50
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 1 2 6 4 5 6 4 0 3 1
      White 686 711 727 766 809 840 754 876 882 895
      More than one race 82 74 55 0 0 0 129 67 80 65
    Unknown ethnicity and race 12 5 10 12 13 0 55 10 18 25
  Temporary visa holders 1,187 1,127 880 921 945 834 839 830 789 775
  Science and engineering 2,230 2,155 2,080 1,921 2,069 1,900 1,935 2,111 2,055 2,036
    Science 1,864 1,813 1,752 1,800 1,778 1,642 1,668 1,879 1,839 1,835
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 69 63 67
      Biological and biomedical sciences 706 695 627 655 698 578 562 547 546 568
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 50 48 54 80 27 39 34 60 58 41
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 55 48 52 49 53 52 52 50 51 55
      Mathematics and statistics 118 108 102 72 69 63 73 72 68 74
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 90 80 70 67 66 62 69 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 360 353 329 331 333 332 328 358 347 337
      Psychology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 81 73
      Social sciences 485 481 518 546 532 516 550 571 557 552
    Engineering 366 342 328 121 291 258 267 232 216 201
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 56 0 0 0 0 0 0 69 67 60
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 72 64 61
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 47 43
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 38 37
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 199 342 328 121 291 258 267 0 0 0
  Health 262 245 204 171 147 103 100 12 13 15
    Clinical medicine 249 235 191 160 134 90 88 0 0 0
    Other health 13 10 13 11 13 13 12 12 13 15

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
    Male 4 1 10 14 14 4 6 4 3 5
    Female 0 1 12 8 8 2 0 0 0 5
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 4 2 18 19 19 6 5 3 3 9
    Hispanic or Latino 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
    Not Hispanic or Latino 4 2 16 18 18 6 5 3 1 9
      American Indian or Alaska Native 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
      Asian 0 1 2 6 6 2 1 1 1 3
      Black or African American 0 0 1 4 4 0 0 0 0 0
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
      White 4 1 13 7 7 3 3 2 0 6
      More than one race 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
    Unknown ethnicity and race 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
  Temporary visa holders 0 0 4 3 3 0 1 1 0 1
  Science and engineering 4 2 17 20 20 4 5 4 3 10
    Science 4 1 15 16 16 3 4 3 2 7
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 1
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 1 0 0 2 2 1 1 1 0 1
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 0 1 3 3 3 0 2 2 2 1
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
      Psychology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Social sciences 2 0 7 6 6 2 1 0 0 4
    Engineering 0 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 3
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 0 1 2 4 4 1 1 0 0 0
  Health 0 0 5 2 2 2 1 0 0 0
    Clinical medicine 0 0 5 2 2 2 1 0 0 0
    Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2023–14
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All surveyed fields 729 713 683 552 650 641 562 634 555 577
  Science and engineering 683 667 640 520 620 617 543 629 550 571
    Science 489 522 495 465 480 485 422 516 451 476
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4
      Biological and biomedical sciences 309 319 304 284 309 279 223 262 231 244
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 0 3 4 8 0 0 0 14 12 15
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 11 13 14 8 9 12 16 13 8 7
      Mathematics and statistics 4 9 7 3 3 5 6 4 5 10
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 3 5 5 3 3 8 2 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 152 158 146 142 144 169 146 161 132 134
      Psychology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 8 9
      Social sciences 10 15 15 17 12 12 29 16 19 16
    Engineering 194 145 145 55 140 132 121 113 99 95
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 21 27
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 31 31
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 26 18
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 21 19
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 105 145 145 55 140 132 121 0 0 0
  Health 46 46 43 32 30 24 19 5 5 6
    Clinical medicine 43 43 39 31 29 18 14 0 0 0
    Other health 3 3 4 1 1 6 5 5 5 6

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2023–14
Type and primary source of support 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All types and sources of support 2,492 2,400 2,284 2,092 2,216 2,003 2,035 2,123 2,068 2,051
  Fellowships 1,058 1,208 1,117 1,024 1,077 1,007 1,218 1,399 1,379 1,390
    Federal 243 260 247 248 268 256 239 293 247 281
    Institutional 747 895 817 716 751 654 967 1,036 1,072 1,071
    Nonfederal 68 53 53 60 58 97 12 70 60 38
  Research assistantships 699 642 621 457 556 513 499 484 448 433
    Federal 482 452 436 304 382 373 320 341 308 296
    Institutional 147 131 127 112 125 98 141 94 96 104
    Nonfederal 70 59 58 41 49 42 38 49 44 33
  Teaching assistantships 441 257 249 420 370 345 74 43 41 49
    Federal 4 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0
    Institutional 431 257 249 420 370 332 74 43 41 49
    Nonfederal 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
  Other types of support 294 293 297 191 213 138 244 197 200 179
    Federal 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
    Institutional 10 7 7 11 13 0 41 1 0 6
    Nonfederal 0 1 0 0 0 2 71 2 0 0
    Personal resources 284 284 290 180 200 136 129 194 200 173

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  Science and engineering 903 827 863 736 732 714 672 777 771 799
    Science 813 744 764 646 646 629 593 716 705 727
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 17 14 0 0 0 0 23 28 23 22
      Biological and biomedical sciences 496 442 452 415 415 410 398 447 464 500
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 19 6 8 8 4 5 13 19 8 7
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 15 15 20 19 28 22 17
      Mathematics and statistics 5 3 2 4 5 5 3 4 5 3
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 39 43 43 34 31 23 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 110 118 97 76 81 86 77 114 111 111
      Psychology 47 45 75 46 35 33 30 15 17 20
      Social sciences 79 73 87 48 60 47 30 29 21 16
    Engineering 90 83 99 90 86 85 79 61 66 72
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 22 20 33 29 30 26 23 21 19 19
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 24 21 18 13 13 17 21 21 18 24
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 9 9 9 10 10 10 9 8 9 11
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 18 15 20 18 12 12 9 11 20 18
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 17 18 19 20 21 20 17 0 0 0
  Health 524 489 448 477 489 472 425 392 386 402
    Clinical medicine 521 483 448 476 486 469 422 385 380 399
    Other health 3 6 0 1 3 3 3 7 6 3

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2023–14
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All surveyed fields 795 705 735 689 515 664 505 566 563 585
  Science and engineering 465 406 456 393 302 385 299 373 378 397
    Science 414 350 383 326 255 329 265 346 343 369
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 8 3 0 0 0 0 7 9 6 7
      Biological and biomedical sciences 297 236 267 239 180 231 195 231 237 264
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 7 4 5 5 0 2 5 13 3 5
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 6 5 9 5 12 8 6
      Mathematics and statistics 1 2 1 1 2 2 0 0 1 0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 11 17 15 12 13 10 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 58 60 49 39 39 53 40 55 63 61
      Psychology 26 24 45 23 14 19 11 2 3 6
      Social sciences 6 4 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 1
    Engineering 51 56 73 67 47 56 34 27 35 28
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 13 16 24 21 22 19 13 12 10 6
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 11 14 11 8 5 6 2 5 7 7
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 4 8 8 9 5 8 3 4 5 5
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 8 11 15 13 7 9 6 6 13 10
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 15 7 15 16 8 14 10 0 0 0
  Health 330 299 279 296 213 279 206 193 185 188
    Clinical medicine 328 297 279 295 210 276 204 187 179 185
    Other health 2 2 0 1 3 3 2 6 6 3

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  All R&D fields 1,326,807 1,191,201 1,165,148 1,094,135 1,072,309 990,399 951,084 881,765 803,004 772,840
    Science 1,271,200 1,145,919 1,111,999 1,042,890 1,020,049 936,917 899,664 839,699 753,952 724,146
      Computer and information sciences 11,131 8,675 7,379 5,969 5,996 6,309 11,375 9,137 8,220 9,508
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 7,593 6,411 7,021 5,916 6,995 7,613 6,448 7,252 8,128 6,117
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geological and earth sciences 7,593 6,411 7,021 5,916 6,995 7,613 6,448 7,252 8,097 6,020
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 97
      Life sciences 1,154,182 1,044,120 1,012,626 944,439 912,802 832,360 796,670 740,937 665,280 640,173
        Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 11,658 7,873
        Biological and biomedical sciences 245,250 226,285 222,114 206,929 208,829 187,310 177,565 178,645 167,143 171,674
        Health sciences 899,612 809,589 779,001 726,089 691,959 632,347 606,423 551,237 483,091 456,838
        Natural resources and conservation 9,041 7,514 11,340 11,175 11,773 12,498 12,615 10,950 0 0
        Life sciences nec 279 732 171 246 241 205 67 0 3,388 3,788
      Mathematics and statistics 3,906 3,632 3,589 4,703 3,831 2,528 2,384 2,393 2,726 3,695
      Physical sciences 63,036 57,627 56,847 56,046 62,247 63,981 61,511 59,337 45,565 42,760
        Astronomy and astrophysics 6,105 5,324 5,472 6,853 6,776 9,801 6,976 6,795 6,277 6,964
        Chemistry 28,905 23,376 21,464 21,309 23,452 21,752 22,551 23,208 22,674 18,778
        Materials science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Physics 28,026 28,927 29,911 27,884 32,019 32,428 31,984 29,334 16,614 17,018
        Physical sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Psychology 11,027 11,550 10,453 9,684 13,211 11,953 12,115 10,061 11,787 10,778
      Social sciences 19,496 13,840 14,055 15,994 14,401 11,683 9,051 10,361 9,484 7,592
        Anthropology 1,923 1,733 1,219 1,143 1,321 1,287 689 941 0 0
        Economics 9,834 5,996 6,866 5,613 4,556 4,467 3,008 2,860 3,765 2,852
        Political science and government 2,119 1,915 1,762 918 452 394 50 29 802 479
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 4,266 3,200 2,954 2,712 2,584 3,226 2,799 4,626 4,473 3,879
        Social sciences nec 1,354 996 1,254 5,608 5,488 2,309 2,505 1,905 444 382
      Sciences nec 829 64 29 139 566 490 110 221 2,762 3,523
    Engineering 40,153 36,714 35,778 36,806 36,591 35,939 30,905 26,271 39,001 39,856
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 75 0 0 0 0 0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 11,512 10,422 10,206 12,158 13,402 11,482 9,318 7,147 7,372 7,095
      Chemical engineering 8,232 6,281 4,798 5,222 4,723 5,951 5,205 5,371 5,415 5,050
      Civil engineering 0 0 0 0 53 0 351 446 0 0
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 8,920 9,921 11,492 10,978 9,960 10,915 9,885 6,718 5,606 5,467
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 8,711 8,366 7,730 7,619 7,533 7,014 5,947 6,164 6,034 5,470
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Engineering nec 2,778 1,724 1,552 829 845 577 199 425 14,574 16,774
    Non-S&E 15,454 8,568 17,371 14,439 15,669 17,543 20,515 15,795 10,051 8,838
      Business management and business administration 864 1,992 3,663 3,514 3,412 1,813 648 162 291 134
      Communication and communications technologies 0 0 0 0 0 0 79 52 32 39
      Education 4,923 1,230 3,693 124 646 1,701 3,188 2,612 152 0
      Humanities 6,816 3,782 4,329 5,846 6,288 8,010 11,447 10,771 8,157 7,129
      Law 222 44 1,046 553 1,251 2,138 2,143 1,664 1,044 1,039
      Social work 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Visual and performing arts 397 251 743 385 248 400 803 212 375 497
      Non-S&E nec 2,232 1,269 3,897 4,017 3,824 3,481 2,207 322 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2023
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields 1,326,807 741,198 1,710 404,706 80,221 93,363 5,609
    Science 1,271,200 711,210 1,684 387,307 78,675 87,311 5,013
      Computer and information sciences 11,131 7,023 0 3,261 63 784 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 7,593 3,134 0 4,267 0 192 0
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geological and earth sciences 7,593 3,134 0 4,267 0 192 0
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Life sciences 1,154,182 650,783 1,684 341,160 76,278 79,847 4,430
        Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Biological and biomedical sciences 245,250 167,992 0 35,998 12,482 27,362 1,416
        Health sciences 899,612 478,074 1,678 304,370 63,269 49,210 3,011
        Natural resources and conservation 9,041 4,717 6 513 527 3,275 3
        Life sciences nec 279 0 0 279 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 3,906 1,990 0 1,409 0 507 0
      Physical sciences 63,036 37,212 0 21,243 2,035 2,188 358
        Astronomy and astrophysics 6,105 831 0 4,787 0 487 0
        Chemistry 28,905 19,638 0 6,395 1,800 1,072 0
        Materials science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Physics 28,026 16,743 0 10,061 235 629 358
        Physical sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Psychology 11,027 6,752 0 3,390 0 680 205
      Social sciences 19,496 4,316 0 11,748 299 3,113 20
        Anthropology 1,923 596 0 1,282 0 45 0
        Economics 9,834 1,608 0 6,821 299 1,106 0
        Political science and government 2,119 14 0 1,953 0 132 20
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 4,266 1,759 0 756 0 1,751 0
        Social sciences nec 1,354 339 0 936 0 79 0
      Sciences nec 829 0 0 829 0 0 0
    Engineering 40,153 24,446 26 12,511 1,409 1,725 36
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 11,512 8,435 0 1,939 64 1,074 0
      Chemical engineering 8,232 5,148 26 2,362 85 575 36
      Civil engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 8,920 5,718 0 1,942 1,260 0 0
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 8,711 5,145 0 3,490 0 76 0
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Engineering nec 2,778 0 0 2,778 0 0 0
    Non-S&E 15,454 5,542 0 4,888 137 4,327 560
      Business management and business administration 864 128 0 49 0 565 122
      Communication and communications technologies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Education 4,923 4,517 0 280 0 126 0
      Humanities 6,816 722 0 4,203 62 1,391 438
      Law 222 0 0 13 0 209 0
      Social work 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Visual and performing arts 397 69 0 216 0 112 0
      Non-S&E nec 2,232 106 0 127 75 1,924 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
Federal Agencies 741,198 689,270 647,656 585,170 576,776 552,242 541,608 503,221 477,143 480,384
  DOD 37,473 33,555 27,839 25,104 28,512 30,187 28,102 21,421 26,401 27,455
  DOE 10,539 11,409 10,818 10,864 11,213 10,806 11,572 11,553 12,294 12,827
  HHS 639,636 599,703 562,251 507,423 495,232 467,918 454,653 422,522 391,369 396,584
  NASA 2,624 2,572 3,577 3,984 4,436 4,028 3,349 3,829 3,591 3,286
  NSF 39,036 34,189 31,835 27,645 26,830 29,227 35,025 37,180 36,063 33,040
  USDA 1,146 990 633 119 537 1,030 1,610 1,970 1,759 1,136
  Other 10,744 6,852 10,703 10,031 10,016 9,046 7,297 4,746 5,666 6,056

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2023–17 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2023 . . . .
2022 . . . .
2021 . . . .
2020 . . . .
2019 6,475 1,194 5,281 .
2018 7,119 1,167 5,952 .
2017 7,882 1,284 6,598 .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space 2,590 2,523 2,447 2,387 2,372
    Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Biological and biomedical sciences 777 743 726 613 300
    Computer and information sciences 34 31 28 32 31
    Engineering 116 121 123 128 115
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 41 39 38 35 35
    Health sciences 1,051 1,016 984 997 1,322
    Mathematics and statistics 18 18 18 14 14
    Natural resources and conservation 48 47 48 47 47
    Physical sciences 241 243 229 208 203
    Psychology 41 41 44 46 50
    Social sciences 179 185 172 165 166
    Other 44 39 38 103 88

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 251,595 i . 11,826 . 156,182
    Biological and biomedical sciences 251,595 i . 0 . 146,123
    Natural resources and conservation 0 i . 0 . 1,753
    Physical sciences 0 i . 0 . 8,306
    Social sciences 0 i . 11,826 . 0

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 661,709 272,013 378,885 114,062 102,058
    Agricultural sciences 0 0 0 0 0
    Biological and biomedical sciences 274,436 158,529 75,305 50,069 17,550
    Computer and information sciences 3,055 0 0 0 0
    Engineering 12,850 12,283 11,132 8,146 11,858
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 20,970 1,806 10,017 881 1,873
    Health sciences 277,001 32,433 48,636 39,703 38,900
    Mathematics and statistics 0 0 69,254 0 0
    Natural resources and conservation 2,646 3,953 58,582 3,259 7,525
    Physical sciences 38,750 4,488 94,572 9,009 18,637
    Psychology 0 55,835 0 2,694 0
    Social sciences 32,000 2,686 11,388 301 4,850
    Other 0 0 0 0 864

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

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