Yale U.

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures Research space
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2024 39 91.8 459 68 89.5 631 16 98.4 925
2023 38 92 459 73 89.5 679 20 97.9 911 17 97.4 602
2022 39 91.8 457 70 89.9 680 21 97.8 900
2021 33 92.9 447 70 90.1 691 15 98.5 908 16 97.4 583
2020 35 92.5 450 66 90.8 698 17 98.3 916
2019 35 92.4 447 62 91.3 697 16 98.4 914 16 97.5 589
2018 37 91.6 428 72 89.9 700 15 98.5 911
2017 43 90.2 425 69 90.1 684 15 98.4 898 17 97.2 575
2016 40 91 430 70 90.2 697 18 98.1 896
2015 38 91.4 426 72 89.8 693 21 97.8 898 17 97.2 570
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2024–15
Fields 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All fields 421 442 424 410 423 415 410 379 407 420
  Science and engineering 314 348 332 325 320 314 294 270 284 311
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources 1 2 6 8 5 5 3 3 5 4
      Agricultural sciences . 1 1 . . . . 1 . .
      Natural resources and conservation 1 1 5 8 5 5 3 2 5 4
    Biological and biomedical sciences 135 116 117 108 121 109 104 90 104 117
      Biochemistry and biophysics 7 13 8 6 20 16 14 7 19 16
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 8 6 5 9 6 6 6 2 7 2
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 14 7 13 10 8 8 13 10 7 5
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy 1 . 4 2 12 12 10 8 7 16
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 17 13 14 13 10 9 10 12 15 14
      Genetics and genomics 19 11 12 8 8 7 5 4 9 18
      Microbiology and immunology 25 21 16 16 19 16 16 11 12 16
      Molecular biology 14 12 9 17 6 3 8 6 7 10
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 16 19 19 10 18 19 15 19 13 13
      Pharmacology and toxicology 2 3 3 7 2 2 1 2 3 1
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 9 9 8 9 11 7 6 6 4 4
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other 3 2 6 1 1 4 . 3 1 2
    Computer and information sciences 6 9 6 11 4 5 2 7 10 6
      Computer science 5 6 6 9 4 5 2 7 10 6
      Computer and information sciences, other 1 3 . 2 . . . . . .
    Engineering 32 47 40 35 34 27 36 27 25 29
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 10 14 15 10 14 7 12 10 10 6
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 8 6 4 7 4 6 5 4 6 9
      Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering 2 5 3 6 4 7 5 4 . 4
      Electrical and computer engineering 6 11 9 5 5 4 5 3 3 4
      Industrial engineering and operations research . . . . . . 1 . . .
      Materials and mining engineering 5 2 2 4 5 . 3 . 3 1
      Mechanical engineering . 8 5 2 . 2 5 6 2 3
      Engineering, other 1 1 2 1 2 1 . . 1 2
    Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 5 7 11 6 5 14 14 8 6 15
      Geological sciences 4 5 9 4 4 9 8 7 6 11
      Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences 1 2 2 2 1 5 6 1 . 4
    Health sciences 12 10 12 5 8 7 6 8 10 8
      Nursing science . 5 2 1 3 1 3 4 3 6
      Public health 12 4 5 3 4 5 2 4 7 1
      Health sciences, other . 1 5 1 1 1 1 . . 1
    Mathematics and statistics 11 6 10 10 7 10 11 9 10 13
      Applied mathematics . . . 1 1 4 . 4 2 3
      Mathematics . 1 . . 3 1 4 2 3 5
      Statistics 5 2 6 4 1 1 3 . 1 3
      Mathematics and statistics, other 6 3 4 5 2 4 4 3 4 2
    Physical sciences 47 66 61 59 60 56 54 49 45 37
      Astronomy and astrophysics 4 4 8 8 5 3 4 7 5 2
      Chemistry 22 38 27 28 22 36 24 26 17 21
      Physics 21 24 26 23 33 17 26 16 23 14
    Psychology 7 14 14 16 11 12 13 16 10 8
      Clinical psychology 3 2 3 3 6 3 . 4 2 3
      Research and experimental psychology 3 9 8 10 4 9 12 10 8 5
      Psychology, other 1 3 3 3 1 . 1 2 . .
    Social sciences 58 71 55 67 65 69 51 53 59 74
      Anthropology 5 6 4 7 8 3 10 10 5 10
      Economics 21 23 17 22 16 24 13 11 21 20
      Political science and government 12 21 12 14 21 16 9 12 16 16
      Public policy analysis 2 . . . . 2 . 3 . 1
      Sociology, demography, and population studies 5 7 6 9 5 8 8 6 7 10
      Social sciences, other 13 14 16 15 15 16 11 11 10 17
  Non-science and engineering 107 94 92 85 103 101 116 109 123 109
    Business 7 12 8 14 5 7 14 5 10 10
      Business 7 12 8 14 5 7 14 5 10 10
    Humanities and arts 83 74 70 60 90 85 90 95 104 84
      Letters 21 15 10 15 13 12 11 17 23 12
      Foreign languages and literature 8 14 7 10 13 20 17 16 16 12
      History 16 15 15 11 23 15 26 26 29 21
      Philosophy and religious studies 11 8 12 8 12 9 13 10 11 16
      Music and performing arts 4 5 8 9 7 10 9 8 5 6
      Humanities and arts, other 23 17 18 7 22 19 14 18 20 17
    Other non-science and engineering 17 8 14 11 8 9 12 9 9 15
      Communication . . . . 1 . . 1 . 1
      Non-science and engineering, other 17 8 14 11 7 9 12 8 9 14

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents   1,348   1,305   1,273   1,404   1,171   1,271   1,169   1,196   1,293   1,279
    Hispanic or Latino   197   197   171   136   120   133   1   38   112   97
    Not Hispanic or Latino   1,143   1,096   1,097   1,258   1,039   1,125   1,168   1,103   1,171   1,164
      American Indian or Alaska Native   5   3   2   12   13   13   18   0   3   1
      Asian   267   235   221   375   199   228   217   160   167   145
      Black or African American   92   89   87   83   57   70   87   56   58   53
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander   2   1   2   6   4   5   6   4   0   3
      White   689   686   711   727   766   809   840   754   876   882
      More than one race   88   82   74   55   0   0   0   129   67   80
    Unknown ethnicity and race   8   12   5   10   12   13   0   55   10   18
  Temporary visa holders   1,246   1,187   1,127   880   921   945   834   839   830   789
  Science and engineering   2,343   2,230   2,155   2,080   1,921   2,069   1,900   1,935   2,111   2,055
    Science   1,930   1,864   1,813   1,752   1,800   1,778   1,642   1,668   1,879   1,839
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   69   63
      Biological and biomedical sciences   765   706   695   627   655   698   578   562   547   546
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   42   50   48   54   80   27   39   34   60   58
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   55   55   48   52   49   53   52   52   50   51
      Mathematics and statistics   128   118   108   102   72   69   63   73   72   68
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Natural resources and conservation   97   90   80   70   67   66   62   69   0   0
      Physical sciences   362   360   353   329   331   333   332   328   358   347
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   81   81
      Social sciences   481   485   481   518   546   532   516   550   571   557
    Engineering   413   366   342   328   121   291   258   267   232   216
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   85   56   0   0   0   0   0   0   69   67
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   51   52   0   0   0   0   0   0   72   64
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   46   36   0   0   0   0   0   0   50   47
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   49   23   0   0   0   0   0   0   41   38
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other engineering   182   199   342   328   121   291   258   267   0   0
    Health   251   262   245   204   171   147   103   100   12   13
      Clinical medicine   234   249   235   191   160   134   90   88   0   0
      Other health   17   13   10   13   11   13   13   12   12   13

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents   3   4   2   18   19   19   6   5   3   3
    Hispanic or Latino   0   0   0   2   1   1   0   0   0   0
    Not Hispanic or Latino   3   4   2   16   18   18   6   5   3   1
      American Indian or Alaska Native   0   0   0   0   1   1   0   0   0   0
      Asian   2   0   1   2   6   6   2   1   1   1
      Black or African American   0   0   0   1   4   4   0   0   0   0
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0   0   0
      White   1   4   1   13   7   7   3   3   2   0
      More than one race   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0   0
    Unknown ethnicity and race   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   2
  Temporary visa holders   1   0   0   4   3   3   0   1   1   0
  Science and engineering   4   4   2   17   20   20   4   5   4   3
    Science   3   4   1   15   16   16   3   4   3   2
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological and biomedical sciences   0   0   0   0   2   2   0   0   0   0
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   2   1   0   0   2   2   1   1   1   0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mathematics and statistics   0   0   1   3   3   3   0   2   2   2
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   1   1   1   0   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   1   1   0   4   2   2   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social sciences   0   2   0   7   6   6   2   1   0   0
    Engineering   1   0   1   2   4   4   1   1   1   1
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other engineering   1   0   1   2   4   4   1   1   0   0
    Health   0   0   0   5   2   2   2   1   0   0
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   5   2   2   2   1   0   0
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields   727   729   713   683   552   650   641   562   634   555
  Science and engineering   690   683   667   640   520   620   617   543   629   550
    Science   495   489   522   495   465   480   485   422   516   451
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   2   2
      Biological and biomedical sciences   319   309   319   304   284   309   279   223   262   231
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   0   0   3   4   8   0   0   0   14   12
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   11   11   13   14   8   9   12   16   13   8
      Mathematics and statistics   10   4   9   7   3   3   5   6   4   5
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Natural resources and conservation   7   3   5   5   3   3   8   2   0   0
      Physical sciences   139   152   158   146   142   144   169   146   161   132
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   13   8
      Social sciences   9   10   15   15   17   12   12   29   16   19
    Engineering   195   194   145   145   55   140   132   121   113   99
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   29   31   0   0   0   0   0   0   29   21
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   30   29   0   0   0   0   0   0   32   31
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   22   19   0   0   0   0   0   0   31   26
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   12   10   0   0   0   0   0   0   21   21
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other engineering   102   105   145   145   55   140   132   121   0   0
    Health   37   46   46   43   32   30   24   19   5   5
      Clinical medicine   36   43   43   39   31   29   18   14   0   0
      Other health   1   3   3   4   1   1   6   5   5   5

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2024–15
Type and primary source of support 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All types and sources of support   2,594   2,492   2,400   2,284   2,092   2,216   2,003   2,035   2,123   2,068
  Fellowships   1,069   1,058   1,208   1,117   1,024   1,077   1,007   1,218   1,399   1,379
    Federal   256   243   260   247   248   268   256   239   293   247
    Institutional   773   747   895   817   716   751   654   967   1,036   1,072
    Nonfederal   40   68   53   53   60   58   97   12   70   60
  Research assistantships   686   699   642   621   457   556   513   499   484   448
    Federal   467   482   452   436   304   382   373   320   341   308
    Institutional   153   147   131   127   112   125   98   141   94   96
    Nonfederal   66   70   59   58   41   49   42   38   49   44
  Teaching assistantships   472   441   257   249   420   370   345   74   43   41
    Federal   1   4   0   0   0   0   12   0   0   0
    Institutional   470   431   257   249   420   370   332   74   43   41
    Nonfederal   1   6   0   0   0   0   1   0   0   0
  Other types of support   367   294   293   297   191   213   138   244   197   200
    Federal   3   0   1   0   0   0   0   3   0   0
    Institutional   16   10   7   7   11   13   0   41   1   0
    Nonfederal   0   0   1   0   0   0   2   71   2   0
    Personal resources   348   284   284   290   180   200   136   129   194   200

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  Science and engineering   929   903   827   863   736   732   714   672   777   771
    Science   836   813   744   764   646   646   629   593   716   705
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   19   17   14   0   0   0   0   23   28   23
      Biological and biomedical sciences   525   496   442   452   415   415   410   398   447   464
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   19   19   6   8   8   4   5   13   19   8
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   15   15   20   19   28   22
      Mathematics and statistics   3   5   3   2   4   5   5   3   4   5
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   3   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Natural resources and conservation   38   39   43   43   34   31   23   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   95   110   118   97   76   81   86   77   114   111
      Psychology   52   47   45   75   46   35   33   30   15   17
      Social sciences   82   79   73   87   48   60   47   30   29   21
    Engineering   93   90   83   99   90   86   85   79   61   66
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   21   22   20   33   29   30   26   23   21   19
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   21   24   21   18   13   13   17   21   21   18
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   19   9   9   9   10   10   10   9   8   9
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   15   18   15   20   18   12   12   9   11   20
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other engineering   17   17   18   19   20   21   20   17   0   0
    Health   529   524   489   448   477   489   472   425   392   386
      Clinical medicine   522   521   483   448   476   486   469   422   385   380
      Other health   7   3   6   0   1   3   3   3   7   6

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields   790   795   705   735   689   515   664   505   566   563
  Science and engineering   457   465   406   456   393   302   385   299   373   378
    Science   404   414   350   383   326   255   329   265   346   343
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   8   8   3   0   0   0   0   7   9   6
      Biological and biomedical sciences   306   297   236   267   239   180   231   195   231   237
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   4   7   4   5   5   0   2   5   13   3
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   6   5   9   5   12   8
      Mathematics and statistics   1   1   2   1   1   2   2   0   0   1
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Natural resources and conservation   12   11   17   15   12   13   10   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   47   58   60   49   39   39   53   40   55   63
      Psychology   22   26   24   45   23   14   19   11   2   3
      Social sciences   4   6   4   1   1   2   3   2   1   1
    Engineering   53   51   56   73   67   47   56   34   27   35
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   11   13   16   24   21   22   19   13   12   10
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   9   11   14   11   8   5   6   2   5   7
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   14   4   8   8   9   5   8   3   4   5
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   7   8   11   15   13   7   9   6   6   13
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other engineering   12   15   7   15   16   8   14   10   0   0
    Health   333   330   299   279   296   213   279   206   193   185
      Clinical medicine   330   328   297   279   295   210   276   204   187   179
      Other health   3   2   2   0   1   3   3   2   6   6

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  All R&D fields   1,519,694   1,326,807   1,191,201   1,165,148   1,094,135   1,072,309   990,399   951,084   881,765   803,004
    Science   1,452,864   1,271,200   1,145,919   1,111,999   1,042,890   1,020,049   936,917   899,664   839,699   753,952
      Computer and information sciences   12,775   11,131   8,675   7,379   5,969   5,996   6,309   11,375   9,137   8,220
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   9,757   7,593   6,411   7,021   5,916   6,995   7,613   6,448   7,252   8,128
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geological and earth sciences   9,757   7,593   6,411   7,021   5,916   6,995   7,613   6,448   7,252   8,097
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   31
      Life sciences   1,321,608   1,154,182   1,044,120   1,012,626   944,439   912,802   832,360   796,670   740,937   665,280
        Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   105   11,658
        Biological and biomedical sciences   271,443   245,250   226,285   222,114   206,929   208,829   187,310   177,565   178,645   167,143
        Health sciences   1,036,064   899,612   809,589   779,001   726,089   691,959   632,347   606,423   551,237   483,091
        Natural resources and conservation   13,954   9,041   7,514   11,340   11,175   11,773   12,498   12,615   10,950   0
        Life sciences nec   147   279   732   171   246   241   205   67   0   3,388
      Mathematics and statistics   4,511   3,906   3,632   3,589   4,703   3,831   2,528   2,384   2,393   2,726
      Physical sciences   68,364   63,036   57,627   56,847   56,046   62,247   63,981   61,511   59,337   45,565
        Astronomy and astrophysics   6,517   6,105   5,324   5,472   6,853   6,776   9,801   6,976   6,795   6,277
        Chemistry   29,567   28,905   23,376   21,464   21,309   23,452   21,752   22,551   23,208   22,674
        Materials science   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Physics   32,280   28,026   28,927   29,911   27,884   32,019   32,428   31,984   29,334   16,614
        Physical sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   12,164   11,027   11,550   10,453   9,684   13,211   11,953   12,115   10,061   11,787
      Social sciences   23,239   19,496   13,840   14,055   15,994   14,401   11,683   9,051   10,361   9,484
        Anthropology   2,004   1,923   1,733   1,219   1,143   1,321   1,287   689   941   0
        Economics   13,289   9,834   5,996   6,866   5,613   4,556   4,467   3,008   2,860   3,765
        Political science and government   3,103   2,119   1,915   1,762   918   452   394   50   29   802
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   4,229   4,266   3,200   2,954   2,712   2,584   3,226   2,799   4,626   4,473
        Social sciences nec   614   1,354   996   1,254   5,608   5,488   2,309   2,505   1,905   444
      Sciences nec   446   829   64   29   139   566   490   110   221   2,762
    Engineering   45,279   40,153   36,714   35,778   36,806   36,591   35,939   30,905   26,271   39,001
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   75   0   0   0   0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   14,321   11,512   10,422   10,206   12,158   13,402   11,482   9,318   7,147   7,372
      Chemical engineering   8,909   8,232   6,281   4,798   5,222   4,723   5,951   5,205   5,371   5,415
      Civil engineering   0   0   0   0   0   53   0   351   446   0
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   10,307   8,920   9,921   11,492   10,978   9,960   10,915   9,885   6,718   5,606
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   8,236   8,711   8,366   7,730   7,619   7,533   7,014   5,947   6,164   6,034
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Engineering nec   3,506   2,778   1,724   1,552   829   845   577   199   425   14,574
    Non-S&E   21,551   15,454   8,568   17,371   14,439   15,669   17,543   20,515   15,795   10,051
      Business management and business administration   1,219   864   1,992   3,663   3,514   3,412   1,813   648   162   291
      Communication and communications technologies   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   79   52   32
      Education   6,392   4,923   1,230   3,693   124   646   1,701   3,188   2,612   152
      Humanities   9,949   6,816   3,782   4,329   5,846   6,288   8,010   11,447   10,771   8,157
      Law   524   222   44   1,046   553   1,251   2,138   2,143   1,664   1,044
      Social work   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   360   397   251   743   385   248   400   803   212   375
      Non-S&E nec   3,107   2,232   1,269   3,897   4,017   3,824   3,481   2,207   322   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields   1,519,694   845,058   2,842   432,654   102,886   129,902   6,352
    Science   1,452,864   812,717   2,703   411,565   100,720   120,374   4,785
      Computer and information sciences   12,775   7,124   0   3,918   857   876   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   9,757   3,902   0   5,521   0   334   0
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geological and earth sciences   9,757   3,902   0   5,521   0   334   0
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Life sciences   1,321,608   749,944   2,703   357,843   96,538   110,284   4,296
        Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Biological and biomedical sciences   271,443   191,663   0   36,081   13,722   29,520   457
        Health sciences   1,036,064   553,013   2,688   320,756   82,465   73,338   3,804
        Natural resources and conservation   13,954   5,268   15   859   351   7,426   35
        Life sciences nec   147   0   0   147   0   0   0
      Mathematics and statistics   4,511   1,894   0   2,137   0   480   0
      Physical sciences   68,364   39,757   0   23,394   2,657   2,290   266
        Astronomy and astrophysics   6,517   915   0   5,089   0   513   0
        Chemistry   29,567   18,408   0   7,876   2,446   837   0
        Materials science   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Physics   32,280   20,434   0   10,429   211   940   266
        Physical sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   12,164   7,115   0   4,284   0   562   203
      Social sciences   23,239   2,981   0   14,022   668   5,548   20
        Anthropology   2,004   644   0   1,307   2   51   0
        Economics   13,289   985   0   7,957   666   3,661   20
        Political science and government   3,103   0   0   2,965   0   138   0
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   4,229   1,232   0   1,510   0   1,487   0
        Social sciences nec   614   120   0   283   0   211   0
      Sciences nec   446   0   0   446   0   0   0
    Engineering   45,279   25,867   139   15,925   1,751   1,378   219
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   14,321   10,121   0   3,239   138   823   0
      Chemical engineering   8,909   5,419   139   2,922   0   379   50
      Civil engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   10,307   6,147   0   2,346   1,613   32   169
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   8,236   4,180   0   3,912   0   144   0
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Engineering nec   3,506   0   0   3,506   0   0   0
    Non-S&E   21,551   6,474   0   5,164   415   8,150   1,348
      Business management and business administration   1,219   12   0   75   0   1,003   129
      Communication and communications technologies   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Education   6,392   5,154   0   393   130   715   0
      Humanities   9,949   1,084   0   4,178   58   3,410   1,219
      Law   524   11   0   32   0   481   0
      Social work   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   360   58   0   295   0   7   0
      Non-S&E nec   3,107   155   0   191   227   2,534   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Federal Agencies   845,058   741,198   689,270   647,656   585,170   576,776   552,242   541,608   503,221   477,143
  DOD   40,359   37,473   33,555   27,839   25,104   28,512   30,187   28,102   21,421   26,401
  DOE   11,361   10,539   11,409   10,818   10,864   11,213   10,806   11,572   11,553   12,294
  HHS   737,156   639,636   599,703   562,251   507,423   495,232   467,918   454,653   422,522   391,369
  NASA   2,808   2,624   2,572   3,577   3,984   4,436   4,028   3,349   3,829   3,591
  NSF   40,720   39,036   34,189   31,835   27,645   26,830   29,227   35,025   37,180   36,063
  USDA   1,713   1,146   990   633   119   537   1,030   1,610   1,970   1,759
  Other   10,941   10,744   6,852   10,703   10,031   10,016   9,046   7,297   4,746   5,666

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2024–18 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2024   .   .   .   .
2023   .   .   .   .
2022   .   .   .   .
2021   .   .   .   .
2020   .   .   .   .
2019   6,475   1,194   5,281   .
2018   7,119   1,167   5,952   .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space   2,590   2,523   2,447   2,387   2,372
    Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   777   743   726   613   300
    Computer and information sciences   34   31   28   32   31
    Engineering   116   121   123   128   115
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   41   39   38   35   35
    Health sciences   1,051   1,016   984   997   1,322
    Mathematics and statistics   18   18   18   14   14
    Natural resources and conservation   48   47   48   47   47
    Physical sciences   241   243   229   208   203
    Psychology   41   41   44   46   50
    Social sciences   179   185   172   165   166
    Other   44   39   38   103   88

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space   251,595 i   0   11,826   0   156,182
    Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   251,595 i   0   0   0   146,123
    Computer and information sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Engineering   0   0   0   0   0
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Health sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0
    Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   1,753
    Physical sciences   0   0   0   0   8,306
    Psychology   0   0   0   0   0
    Social sciences   0   0   11,826   0   0
    Other   0   0   0   0   0

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space   661,709   272,013   378,885   114,062   102,058
    Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Biological and biomedical sciences   274,436   158,529   75,305   50,069   17,550
    Computer and information sciences   3,055   0   0   0   0
    Engineering   12,850   12,283   11,132   8,146   11,858
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   20,970   1,806   10,017   881   1,873
    Health sciences   277,001   32,433   48,636   39,703   38,900
    Mathematics and statistics   0   0   69,254   0   0
    Natural resources and conservation   2,646   3,953   58,582   3,259   7,525
    Physical sciences   38,750   4,488   94,572   9,009   18,637
    Psychology   0   55,835   0   2,694   0
    Social sciences   32,000   2,686   11,388   301   4,850
    Other   0   0   0   0   864

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

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